Limited impact of phonological information on listeners’ expectations: sentence completion evidence from Mandarin Chinese tone sandhi

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@[youtube](https://youtu.be/NQNdHHWw7zg) The cloze task is widely used to assess the predictability of a word in a given context [1-3], but it has rarely been used to examine to what extent phonological information can modulate a word’s predictability. In this study, we used Mandarin Chinese tone sandhi as a test case to investigate listeners’ sensitivity to phonological information in a cloze task. Participants were asked to listen to incomplete sentences and provide a continuation verbally. The sentence frames ended in a critical syllable that could take on one of two tonal forms depending on whether it has undergone tone sandhi. We tested two tone sandhi patterns in Mandarin that can be informative about upcoming language: the T3 sandhi and the yi sandhi. Results showed that listeners were sensitive to tone sandhi cues in the auditory cloze task, but only to a limited extent.

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