On the apprehensive and frustrative use of before and expletive negation

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This presentation explores the pragmatic restrictions on the occurrence of expletive negation in the embedded clause of *avant que* (*before* in French). I identify three uses of before: a consecutive, apprehensive and frustrative use. I argue that apprehensive and frustrative uses are pragmatically enriched. The apprehensive involves an inference of negative goal, the frustrative a negative (predictive) conditional inference. This presentation further proposes that speakers choose to use expletive negation -- a semantically bleached scalar negation -- in the *avant que*-clause, to put emphasis on the negative preference these inferences convey, and extends the analysis to other relevant contexts.

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