Orders and prohibitions have received much attention in the literature on
imperatives on the one hand (e.g. Condoravdi and Lauer, 2008; Kaufmann,
2012) and in the literature on attitudes and most specifically expletive
negation on the other (e.g. Espinal, 2000; Yoon, 2013; Mari and Tahar
2020). Among the questions that this literature has left open is the one of
the lexical semantics of forbid, in contrast and comparison with the
lexical semantics of order. Finding existing proposals wanting, we argue
for a causal model analysis that captures the facts about aspect, animacy,
and authority for order and forbid sentences by explicitly representing
stimulatory and inhibitory causal relations (in the spirit of Lewis's
(1974) "neuron diagrams”).