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Description: Climate reconstructions are means to extract the signal from uncertain paleo-observations, so called proxies. It is essential to evaluate these reconstructions to understand and quantify their uncertainties. Similarly, comparing climate simulations and proxies requires approaches to bridge the temporal and spatial differences between both and address their specific uncertainties. One way to achieve these two goals are so called pseudoproxies. These are surrogate proxy records within the virtual reality of a climate simulation. They in turn depend on an understanding of the uncertainties of the real proxies including the noise-characteristics disturbing the original environmental signal. Common pseudoproxy approaches so far concentrate on data with high temporal resolution over the last approximately 2,000 years. Here we provide a simple but flexible noise model for potentially low-resolution sedimentary climate proxies for temperature on millennial time-scales, the code for calculating a set of pseudoproxies from a simulation, and one example of pseudoproxies. The noise model considers the influence of other environmental variables, a dependence on the climate state, a bias due to changing seasonality, modifications of the archive (for example, bioturbation), potential sampling variability, and a measurement error. Model, code, and data allow to develop new ways of comparing simulation data with proxies on long time-scales. Code and data are available at https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/ZBEHX.

License: CC-By Attribution 4.0 International

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Supplementary Material for the Discussion Paper

This component includes three supplementary PDFs providing additional plots.

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Example code and input data for the discussion paper

Example code for the calculation of our pseudoproxies at single grid-points. R-code and TraCE-21ka single grid-point input data for two different grid...

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Data for the discussion paper

Output data as listed in the main manuscript as netcdf-files.

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Supplementary Material for Revision 1


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Example code


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Input data for single grid-point calculations

Input for the single grid-point calculations (150E, 38.97N), and its alternative version (105W, 45.39S). Compare http://www.cgd.ucar.edu/ccr/TraCE/ fo...

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Input data for ensemble calculation at grid-points close to proxy locations

Input for the ensemble calculation. This is the annual mean surface temperature (TS) field from the TraCE-21ka simulation. Compare http://www.cgd.ucar...

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