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Category: Analysis

Description: Cancer ranks as a leading cause of death and an important barrier to increasing life expectancy in every country of the world. According to estimates from the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019, cancer is the first or second leading cause of death before the age of 70 years in 112 of 183 countries and ranks third or fourth in a further 23 countries (Sung et al., 2021). Phytochemical molecules are natural plantderived compounds that have been used for treating various diseases, including various types of tumors. These molecules are widely available and well tolerated with respect to synthetic drugs. Furthermore, in recent years, many studies have shown that numerous phytochemicals are capable of sensitizing tumor cells to antitumor drugs, reversing tumor drug resistance and decreasing toxic effects in various malignancies (Choudhari et al, 2020; Dehelean et al., 2021). Kaempferol (chemical name, 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; also known as kaempferol-3, kaempferide or kaempferol flavonol) is a type of flavonoid. Kaempferol is found in various plant parts, such as seeds, leaves, fruits, flowers, and even vegetables (Periferakis et al., 2022). Kaempferol and its glycosylated derivatives have been shown to be cardioprotective, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumor, and have anticancer activities (Periferakis et al., 2022). Its anti-cancer role has been demonstrated in esophageal cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, leukemia, cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and osteosarcoma, as well as benign conditions (Imran et al., 2019). However, the detailed mechanisms of action of Kaempferol have remained elusive. A systematic review will be done to systematically map the current state of evidence and to identify the lacunae in the literature related to the role of Kaempferol as a possible antineoplastic therapeutic agent.