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The SIMPLE macro is a ‘wrapper’ for the National Cancer Institute (NCI) MIXTRAN, DISTRIB, and BOXCOX_SURVEY macros to facilitate estimation of usual intake distributions for food and nutrients consumed ‘nearly-daily’. The SIMPLE macro supports a variety of analyses, including estimating usual nutrient intake and modelling nutrition-related interventions that may be of interest to policy advocates and researchers, while remaining robust and easy-to-use. Datasets and macro options are checked for formatting and model specification errors before starting analysis; if any detectable errors are found, the macro provides guidance for correcting them. Output from a successful run includes a formatted spreadsheet (suitable for use in reports or manuscripts) containing estimates and associated standard errors (SEs) for characteristics of the usual intake distribution, such as the mean, median, interquartile range (IQR), and proportions of the population with inadequate or excessive nutrient intake. The core SIMPLE macro estimates inadequate or excessive nutrient intake using the cutoff method, defining inadequate intake as intake below the age- and sex-specific Estimated Average Requirement [EAR] for a given nutrient, and excessive intake as intake above the corresponding Tolerable Upper Intake Level [UL]. The SIMPLE macro also outputs model parameters such as within- and between-person variance components and coefficients for included covariates that influence the distribution of usual intake. In what follows, we present four example analyses for the purpose of illustrating the potential applications of the SIMPLE macro. The code, sample data, and this user guide are available on this OSF website. - **Example 1** uses data from adult women in the NatioInal Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014 survey to perform a descriptive analysis of usual calcium intake from food sources alone and from the combination of food sources and dietary supplements. - **Example 2** uses the same data from NHANES to estimate inadequate iron intake using the full probability method among children and teenagers 9 – 18 years old with the SIMPLE-Iron macro. - **Example 3** uses data from the Cameroon National Micronutrient Survey (CNMS) to model the effects of hypothetical vitamin A fortification and supplementation programs among preschool children, accounting for the contribution of breast milk intake to vitamin A intake. Sample data are de-identified and modified from the CNMS. - **Example 4** uses the first 24HR per person from the CNMS and implements the same analyses as the third example, to illustrate use of the SIMPLE-1D macro. Sample data are de-identified and modified from the CNMS. For each example, we prepare one example project folder. Each example project folder follows the same structure: it contains four subfolders, namely “code”, “input_data”, “macros”, and “results”. Because the sample code was written based on the existing structure of the project folder, to run the SIMPLE macro successfully, users should download the whole example project folder to their computer and retain the naming and organizationan of sub-folders and files while running the example analyses. **The latest versions of SIMPLE macro (version 2.19), SIMPLE-iron (version 2.19), and SIMPLE 1-D (version 1.4) are compatible with PC and Linux operation systems as well as SAS Studio or SAS on Demand for Academics.** The SIMPLE macro is published on the Journal of Nutrition: Luo, H.; Dodd, K. W.; Arnold, C. D.; Engle-Stone, R. Introduction to the SIMPLE Macro, a Tool to Increase the Accessibility of 24-Hour Dietary Recall Analysis and Modeling. The Journal of Nutrition 2021, 151 (5), 1329–1340. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa440. If you have any questions, please contact Dr.Hanqi Luo at HANQI.LUO@emory.edu
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