Dataset: Uptake of dietary milk miRNAs by adult humans: a validation study ------------------------------------------------------------------------ **Abstract** Breast milk is replete with nutritional content as well as nucleic acids including microRNAs (miRNAs). In a recent report, adult humans who drank bovine milk appeared to have increased circulating levels of miRNAs miR-29b-3p and miR-200c-3p. Since these miRNAs are homologous between human and cow, these results could be explained by xeno-miRNA influx, endogenous miRNA regulation, or both. More data were needed to validate the results and explore for additional milk-related alterations in plasma miRNAs. Samples from the published study were obtained, and 223 small RNA features were profiled with a custom OpenArray, followed by individual quantitative PCR assays for selected miRNAs. Additionally, small RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data obtained from plasma samples of the same project were analyzed to find human and uniquely bovine miRNAs. OpenArray revealed no significantly altered miRNA signals after milk ingestion, and this was confirmed by qPCR. Plasma sequencing data contained no miR-29b or miR-200c reads and no intake-consistent mapping of uniquely bovine miRNAs. In conclusion, the results do not support transfer of dietary xenomiRs into the circulation of adult humans. Read the [full-text publication][1] by Auerbach *et al.* (*F1000Research*, 2016) for more details. **Data availability** [Bowtie rpm: Bowtie-mapped results, presented as rpm.][2] [Chimira bta: Chimira mapping to Bos taurus (bta) miRNAs.][3] [Chimira counts: Raw counts as mapped by Chimira.][4] [Chimira DESeq2: DESeq2-normalized Chimira data.][5] [miRge counts: Raw counts as mapped to human miRNAs by miRge program.][6] [miRge rpm: miRge data transformed to reads per million (rpm).][7] [1]: http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.8548.1 [2]: https://osf.io/364rs/ [3]: https://osf.io/mz6wr/ [4]: https://osf.io/u9ghk/ [5]: https://osf.io/xh2z3/ [6]: https://osf.io/bc7g5/ [7]: https://osf.io/mj6zv/