- “Artistic majors” will include art, music, and theatre majors. - “Helping majors” will include nursing, elementary education, special education, psychology, and sociology majors. - Business Majors - Accounting Majors - Gender (Male, Female, Prefer not to answer, other) - General Political Orientation (Republican, Democrat, Independent, Other) - Cumulative GPA - Major GPA (GPA in courses required for completion of major) - ACT score (including subscales) - Academic Classification (credit based) - Self-reported ranking of academic ability among all university undergraduates - Self-reported ranking of academic ability among all undergraduates within own major - Negative Study Behaviors will be assessed by z-scoring, then averaging responses to the following items. [However, if scale reliability turns out to be low (alpha < .7), factor analysis will be conducted to determine whether one or more items need to be removed.]: **I have never missed an exam. (REVERSED)* *Sometimes I don't get my work done by the due date.* *I put off assignments until right before they are due.* *My usual approach to studying is to "cram" the night before the* *exam.* *I study by using flash cards or some other way of quizzing myself. (REVERSED)* *I make use of tutors, professor office hours, or the Writing Center. (REVERSED)* *Sometimes I get to class and find out there is a quiz or an assignment due that I didn't know about.* *“On average, how many hours per week do you study (excluding class time)? Please estimate to the nearest whole number” (REVERSED)** - Cheating will be assessed by averaging responses to the following items: *Copied off another student's paper during an exam* *Used unauthorized notes or electronic devices during an exam* *Found out in advance what was on a test from someone who previously took the test* *Cut and pasted sentences from an internet or written source into my own paper without attributing* *Submitted an assignment or paper that had been done by someone else* *Did an assignment or wrote a paper for someone else to submit* *Knowingly allowed someone else to copy off of me during an exam* *Collaborated with classmates on an assignment that was supposed to be done independently* - Entitled and Manipulative Behavior will be assessed by averaging responses to the following items. Factor Analysis will be used to determine whether the items hang together in a single scale measuring Entitled and Manipulative Behaviors together or whether it is more appropriate to divide them into two separate subscales measuring Entitled Behaviors and Manipulative Behavior. Furthermore, if scale reliability turns out to be low (alpha < .7), factor analysis will be conducted to determine whether one or more items need to be removed. “Please rate how often you have engaged in each of the following behaviors within the last year” “Never engaged in this behavior”, “Engaged in the behavior once”, “Engaged in the behavior occasionally” “Engaged in the behavior frequently” **ENTITLED** *Stated that I would be needing an extension on an assignment or exam* *Challenged the grade I received on an assignment, paper, or exam* *Asked for a special extra credit opportunity* *Tried to get my professor to "bump my grade up"* **MANIPULATIVE** *Exaggerated my troubles or woes to get sympathy from a professor* *Complimented or “buttered up” my professor* *Made up a fake excuse for missing class or not meeting a deadline* *Chatted up my professors, acting friendly or interested, just so that they'll give me recommendations* Psychopathy, Narcissism, and Machiavellianism will be assessed via the “SD3” The Big 5 will be assessed via the “BFI-10”