**Participants**
We will collect data from 200 undergraduate students in the UC Santa Barbara Psychology Research Pool. There will be no exclusion criteria for this study.
**Procedure**
All participants will first respond to 16 measures, to be distributed in a random order (unless otherwise indicated):
1. Cognitive Reflection Test-2/CRT-2 (Tomson & Oppenheimer, 2016)
2. Need for Cognition Scale (Cacioppo, Petty, & Kao, 1984)
3. Brief Self-Control Scale – Restraint (Maloney, Grawitch, & Barber, 2012)
4. Brief Self-Control Scale – Impulsivity (Maloney, Grawitch, & Barber, 2012)
5. Santa Barbara Sense of Direction (Hegarty et al., 2002)
6. Spatial Anxiety Scale (He & Hegarty, 2020)
7. Exploration Tendency Scale (He & Hegarty, 2020)
8. Social Desirability Scale (Vésteinsdóttir et al., 2017)
9. GPS Reliance (He & Hegarty, 2020) & GPS Usage, grouped together with the reliance portion shown first.
10. Openness to Experience Scale
11. Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) (Brown & Ryan, 2003)
12. General Growth Mindset (De Castella & Byrne, 2015)
13. Navigation Growth Mindset (He & Hegarty, 2020)
14. Wordsum Plus (WSP) (General Social Survey). Participants are given 2.5 minutes to answer 10 vocabulary questions before it auto-advances to the next measure.
15. Mental Rotation Test (MRT) (Vandenberg & Kuse, 1978). Participants will be given a total of 20 questions, with 10 per page. Each page will have a time limit of 3 minutes before it auto-advances to the next page/measure.
16. IPIP-BFM-20 Questionnaire (Topolewska et al., 2014)
Next, participants will fill out the following measures, to be distributed in a random order:
1. Self-Rated Health: this will be one question asking: “Thinking about your physical health, which includes physical illness and injury, for how many days during the past month was your physical health not good?” Participants will respond from a drop-down list of 0-30.
2. Self-Reported Happiness: this will be one question asking: “On a scale of 0 – 10, 0 being the worst possible life for you and 10 being the best possible life for you, what number do you feel best represents your view of your life at this time?” Participants will respond from a drop-down list of 0-10.
3. I and D Epistemic Curiosity Scale (Litman & Spielberger, 2003)
When participants are finished with these measures, they will answer an attention check:
Earlier in this survey, we asked you the following question:
“Do you feel anxious when:
Locating your car in a very large parking lot or parking garage.”
What is your best guess of how you answered the question earlier?
Participants will then be required to give an open-ended response as to their best guess of their previous response.
Next, participants will be shown Captcha verification (to ensure no bots have gone through the survey), as well as a question asking if the participants have taken the survey seriously or not:
It would be very helpful if you could tell us at this point whether you have taken part seriously, so that we can use your answers for our scientific analysis, or whether you were just clicking through to take a look at the survey? Please note that this includes looking up answers. You will still get credit no matter your answer.
Participants will be given the options of “I have clicked through, please throw my data away” and “I have participated in this survey seriously.”
Finally, participants will be asked to respond to a few demographic questions, including their age, sex, ethnicity, and if they are a native English speaker.
**References**
Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822– 848. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822
Cacioppo, J. T., Petty, R. E., & Kao, C. F. (1984). The efficient assessment of need for cognition. Journal of Personality Assessment, 48(3), 306-307. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4803_13
De Castella, K., & Byrne, D. (2015). My intelligence may be more malleable than yours: The revised implicit theories of intelligence (self-theory) scale is a better predictor of achievement, motivation, and student disengagement. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 30(3), 245–267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-015-0244-y
General Social Survey. (n.d.)
He, C., & Hegarty, M. (2020). How anxiety and growth mindset are linked to navigation ability: Impacts of exploration and GPS use. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 101475. doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2020.101475
Hegarty, M., Richardson, A. E., Montello, D. R., Lovelace, K., & Subbiah, I. (2002). Development of a self-report measure of environmental spatial ability. Intelligence, 30(5), 425-447.
Litman, J.A., & Spielberger, C.D. (2003). Measuring epistemic curiosity and its diversive and specific components. Journal of Personality Assessment, 80(1). 75-86. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327752JPA8001_16
Maloney, P. W., Grawitch, M. J., & Barber, L. K. (2012). The multi-factor structure of the Brief Self-Control Scale: Discriminant validity of restraint and impulsivity. Journal of Research in Personality, 46(1), 111–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2011.10.001
Thomson, K. S., & Oppenheimer, D. M. (2016). Investigating an alternate form of the cognitive reflection test. Judgment and Decision Making, 11(1), 99–113.
Topolewska, E., Skimina, E., Strus, W., Cieciuch, J., & Rowinski, T. (2014). The short IPIP- BFM-20 questionnaire for measuring the big five. Annals of Psychology, 17(2), 385-402.
Vandenberg, S. G., & Kuse, A. R. (1978). Mental rotations, a group test of three-dimensional spatial visualization. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 47(2), 599-604. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1978.47.2.599
Vésteinsdóttir, V., Reips, U. D., Joinson, A., & Thorsdottir, F. (2017). An item level evaluation of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale using item response theory on Icelandic Internet panel data and cognitive interviews. Personality and Individual Differences, 107, 164-173.
