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The acceleration graphs (Figure 1) show the peaks which were used to count steps taken. This method was used for each trial for each subject on each surface. From each subject we got an output in the command window (Figure 2) that gives us Number of steps, Time to run 40m, Average time per step, and Average cadence per trial. For the acceleration graphs some of the data may start or end with a peak. This is because at the start we began counting right after you pushed off from your foot. Whereas the end was determined by the time to complete the 40m, so you could have been mid step while crossing the line. From the bar graph (Figure 3) comparing steps taken to surface type per subject, we notice a difference in total steps taken per surface type. Specifically there was typically an increase in steps taken in ascending order from pavement to grass and to sand. Although there were similarities, each subject showed different results in steps taken relative to each surface. This result shows an inter-subject variability that could be attributed to different variables that affect running mechanics. The only potential outlier within the data was with subject 3, who had a decrease in steps taken on grass compared to pavement, but then an increase in steps taken in the sand, similar to other subjects. Even though steps per trial changed per surface type, cadence did not increase in the way we had hypothesized (Figure 4). Why did cadence not increase? From a speculation stand point we came up with some variables that may be at play here. One potential variable is increased foot contact time over these surfaces. This is potentially due to the decreased stability and increased pliability of the surface. Sand and grass will typically disperse the runner’s force more so than the pavement, increasing the impulse of contact. By doing so the resultant force propelling the runner forward takes longer to generate; as well as a decrease in the resultant force on the runner. Which would then decrease step length explaining why there is an increase in number of steps taken to cover the same distance. So because there was an increase in time to cover the distance as well as potentially an increase in time per step, from increased ground contact time, the cadence would not necessarily change.
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