Metabolic pathway engineering and genetic circuitry often rely on the
assembly of a large number of DNA fragments. Site-directed recombination
via integrases is already utilized for cloning, e.g. in the Gateway™
System, since the integration reaction of the attachment sites *attP* and
*attB* to *attL* and *attR* is highly directional. But in comparison to
tyrosine integrases, serine integrases (SIs) do not require additional
proteins other than the recombination directionality factor (RDF), which
inhibits integration but is essential for excision, the reverse reaction.
Serine Integrase Recombinational Assembly (SIRA) allows up to six fragments
to be assembled by one SI in a single reaction, making use of six pairs of
orthogonal *att* sites with different central dinucleotide sequences. For
the assembly of larger constructs or rearrangements, more SIs and their
cognate RDFs are needed. To date, only 10 RDFs have been functionally
characterised and range from 7.5 to 28.2 kDa. A major problem in
identifying RDFs is their sequence diversity, making it hard to use purely
a bioinformatics approach.
We focus on the discovery of RDFs matching known bacteriophage- and
prophage-derived integrases by an *in vivo* co-expression assay in the
presence of a reporter plasmid containing the corresponding *att* sites.
Once identified, heterologously produced RDFs are tested for activity and
specificity *in vitro*. Our aim is to develop a set of orthogonal SI and
cognate RDFs that are ideally active in the same buffer conditions. This
toolbox for rapid and precise DNA module rearrangements *in vitro* and *in
vivo* would enable large Synthetic Biology applications like the
construction and optimisation of pathways for novel antibiotics, genetic
memory storage or artificial chromosomes.