Expectations and Hypotheses --------------------------- Since the influential paper by Schooler and Engstler-Schooler (1990), a substantial body of research has shown that verbalization impairs performance on a range of nonverbal tasks. However, only a handful of studies have investigated VO with non native English speakers (e.g., Chin, 2006) and none, to our knowledge, has replicated the original Schooler and Engstler-Schholer’s (1990) face-recognition study using Italian language . In the present proposal, I wish to replicate the original Schooler and Engstler-Schooler’s Study 1 with Italian participants using Italian language, to investigate whether the VO effects may vary cross-culturally. Based on my previous research on this topic, I expect to replicate the original finding of worse recognition in the experimental condition than in the control condition. However, being the sample composed by Italian participants, there might be some difference in the size of the effect, due to language. My prediction is that it will be higher than in the original Schooler and Engstler-Schooler’s paper.