The purpose of this study is to test why there may be differences between people willing to hold someone accountable for an action they were unable to resist engaging in. Participants will first fill out the information sheet. Then, they will be told: Please imagine the following hypothetical scenario They will then be randomly assigned to one of four conditions: control, born, genes, or brain damage. They will read: J--- is an American adult [/who was born with/born with genes for/in a small car acccident that led to minor brain damage. The only effect was the brain damage left J--- with] below-average self-control. One day, he gets into a heated argument with a stranger. Unable to resist, he punches the man in the face so hard, the man goes permanently blind in one eye. Afterwards, participants will be asked the following: Would you find J--- guilty of assault and battery? [yes/no] On a separate page: Assume J--- is found guilty. This crime is punishable by up to five years in prison or on probation. Would you recommend J-- go to prison or be put on probation? [prison/probation] You recommended [prison/probation], this assault and battery is punishable by between 0-60 months [in prison/on probation]. How many months would you recommend J--- [go to prison/be put on probation] for? [0-60 scale]. Then, on a separate page: How much self-control did J-- exert before punching the man? {5-1 unnumbered scale: A great deal, A lot, A moderate amount, A little, None at all Deep down, the true self of J--- is not a violent person [1-7 unnumbered scale strongly disagree to strongly agree] Participants will then be given the dualism scale on a 7-point Likert scale anchored with 1 Strongly Disagree and 7 Strongly Agree: 1. The fact that we have souls that are distinct from our material bodies is what makes humans unique. 2. 2. Human action can only be understood in terms of our souls and minds and not just in terms of our brains. 3. 3. Each person has a non-physical essence that makes that person unique. 4. 4. The human mind cannot simply be reduced to the brain. 5. 5. The human mind is more than just a complicated biological machine. At the end, participants will be given the self-efficacy scale, the belief in free will, and belief in just world scale. New General Self-Efficacy Scale [1-5 unnumbered strongly disagree to strongly agree scale]: 1. I will be able to achieve most of the goals that I have set for myself. 2. When facing difficult tasks, I am certain that I will accomplish them. 3. In general, I think that I can obtain outcomes that are important to me. 4. I believe I can succeed at most any endeavor to which I set my mind. 5. I will be able to successfully overcome many challenges. 6. I am confident that I can perform effectively on many different tasks. 7. Compared to other people, I can do most tasks very well. 8. Even when things are tough, I can perform quite well. Belief in Free Will: [0-100 slider] Using the sliding scale please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statement: "I Have Free Will" with 0 being not believing at all and 100 being complete belief, and 50 being completely unsure. Belief in Immanent/Ultimate Justice: [1-7 unnumbered Likert scale strongly disagree to strongly agree] 1. A badly lived life is directly followed by doom 2. We will see the day when all victims will be compensated for their suffering 3. There is injustice in nearly every area of life 4. I am convinced everyone will be compensated one day for the injustice they've suffered 5. Those who plan bad deeds will fall by them 6. I believe everyone seeks justice when important decisions are made 7. There is hardly a crime which will not be punished in the long run 8. Life is full of injustice 9. There is a direct connection between one’s character and one's fate 10. I am sure at some point justice always wins in the world 11. I believe that people all overall get what they deserve 12. At some point, everyone has to pay for their ill deeds 13. Good and honest conduct leads to directly to happiness 14. One may anytime be hit by bad fortune 15. He who does good will soon reap rewards 16. Every bad fate will be balanced one day 17. I think that in general the world is just 18. In the long-run, those with the least now, will have the most 19. Injustice in all areas of life (i.e. work, family, politics) is the exception rather than the rule 20. Everyone who commits bad deeds will be held responsible for them one day 21. Many people suffer unjustly 22. Many things in life are completely unjust 23. Those who suffered yesterday will be better off tomorrow because of their suffering 24. Those who make others suffer will have to do penance one day 25. You never have to wait long for punishment or remuneration 26. Those who suffer will see better days 27. The punishment for bad deeds comes faster than you think 28. Those who have suffered badly will one day be compensated 29. Those who gain at others expense will pay dearly in the end 30. Anywhere you look, life is not just 31. Those who are being treated badly usually don’t deserve any better