Gravimetric soil water content was measured by drying approximately 25 g of soil at 105°C for 24 hrs and calculated as the percentage of dry soil (i.e., % dry weight). pH was measured using a 2:1 water:soil dilution allowed to steep for 3 hours with a standard pH electrode. Electrical conductivity (EC) was measured using an EC meter on a 5:1 DI water:soil dilution. Soluble ions were extracted from 10 g of soil using 50 ml di-H2O for 60 min on an orbital shaker, then decanted into centrifuge tubes and spun at 15,000 rpm for 10 min. The supernatant was poured into a Nalgene bottle, through a 0.45 µm nylon filter to remove remaining sediment where necessary. Extracts were analyzed for anions on an ion chromatograph (Dionex Corporation model DX-120, Sunnyvale, CA). A subsample of the extract was acidified to 5% HNO3 and measured for cations using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emissions Spectroscopy (ICP-OES; Spectro Analytical Instruments GmbH & Co. KG, Kleve, Germany). Extractable phosphate (PO4-P) was measured by extracting 10 g soil in 50 ml 0.5 M NaHCO3 at pH 8.5, then decanted into centrifuge tubes and spun at 15,000 rpm for 10 min. The supernatant was poured into a Nalgene bottle, through a 0.45 µm nylon filter to remove remaining sediment where necessary. 6 N HCl was added to each sample to reach a pH of 2 prior to being run on a Lachat Autoanalyzer. Inorganic N (NO3 + NO2-N and NH4-N) was extracted from 10-20 g soil in 50 ml 2 M KCl, and then decanted into centrifuge tubes and spun 10 min at 15,000 rpm. The supernatant was poured into a Nalgene bottle, again through a 0.45 µm filter where necessary, and analyzed on a Lachat Autoanalyzer. Total and inorganic C and N was measured on soils ground to a homogenous powder in a Spex ball mill that was either left unacidified or acidified 1:1 with HCl, respectively. Samples were analyzed on a Perkin-Elmer Elemental Analyzer. Some sites had negligible inorganic C, and so only Total C is reported. Loss on ignition was measured after 3 h at 900°C in a muffle furnace.