# README This repository includes analysis scripts and data to reproduce the results of the paper "Infants Recognize the Negative Impact of Phone Distraction on Performance". You can also find study materials used in the study. ## Project Overview This project tested if infants recognize that being distracted by a phone will influence the phone user's task performance. Using a violation-of-expectation paradigm, we tested 20-month-olds in two experiments, where they watched videos where two people were building block towers, but during the process, one of the people was distracted by a phone, either by scolling on the phone (Exp 1) or talking on the phone (Exp 2). The video ended with either an expected outcome (the phone user built worse towers) or an unexpected outcome (the phone user built better towers). Across two experiments, we found that infants looked longer at the unexpected outcome compared to the expected ones, suggesting that they expect using phone would have negative impact on other people's task performance. ## Folder Structure ### Analyses - `AAI_Analysis.Rmd`: main analysis file (the output html file is also included in this folder) - `AgentAbilityData.R`: custom function to process each csv file (csv outputs from the video coding performed using Datavyu). - `helper_functions.R`: a collection of helper functions - `InterraterReliabilityChecking.Rmd`: script to conduct quality check of coding csv files and calculate inter-rater reliability. ### Data - `AAI_SubInfo.csv`: participants' demographic information and correponding study session's information - `AAI_CbList.cvs`: info about counterbalancing used in each study. (two experiments used the same counterbalancing method) - `Coding` folder: contains two folders, each folder contains csv files exported the video coding files from DataVyu for each experiment. The csv files in the subfolder "DoubleCoding" were used to calculate ICC. ### Materials Contains videos used in each experiment. (CB in the video file name means "**c**ounter**b**alance") ## How to reproduce results #### Main results: 1. download the Analyses folder as a zip and the Data folder as a zip. Unzip them. 2. put the unzipped Data folder into the unzip Analyses folder 3. run `AAI_Analysis.Rmd`. (you may be asked to install some missing packages) #### ICC 1. finish step 1 and step 2 in the previous section 2. run `InterraterReliabilityChecking.Rmd`. (you may be asked to install some missing packages) ## Reference Cao. Q, Mears, A., & Feigenson, L. (2025). Infants recognize the negative impact of phone distraction on performance. Infancy.