Some Banda languages exhibit verbal lexical tone. Linda verbs show three
lexical tone classes (Cloarec-Heiss 1986, 1995). Yangere, Ngao, Vara, and
Dakpa verbs are marked for lexical tone in MoƱino (1988). Conversely, Mono
lacks lexical tone (Kamanda 1998, Olson 2001).
We describe the verbal tone system of Yakpa, which is closely related to
Mono. Yakpa has two verb classes, which are distinguished by tone in the
perfective, the negative imperative, the purposive mood, and the
subjunctive.
The perfective and the negative imperative contrast Falling versus High
tone on the verb. The purposive mood and the subjunctive contrast Low
versus Mid tones. Contrast between the classes is neutralized in several
categories, including the imperfective, the positive imperative, and the
optative.
Besides documenting the existence of lexical tone on verbs in Yakpa, this
study adds to the evidence suggesting that its presence is the norm, rather
than the exception, in Banda languages. We suggest that Proto-Banda likely
exhibited lexical tone on verbs, which was then analogically reduced in
Mono.