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Some Banda languages exhibit verbal lexical tone. Linda verbs show three lexical tone classes (Cloarec-Heiss 1986, 1995). Yangere, Ngao, Vara, and Dakpa verbs are marked for lexical tone in MoƱino (1988). Conversely, Mono lacks lexical tone (Kamanda 1998, Olson 2001). We describe the verbal tone system of Yakpa, which is closely related to Mono. Yakpa has two verb classes, which are distinguished by tone in the perfective, the negative imperative, the purposive mood, and the subjunctive. The perfective and the negative imperative contrast Falling versus High tone on the verb. The purposive mood and the subjunctive contrast Low versus Mid tones. Contrast between the classes is neutralized in several categories, including the imperfective, the positive imperative, and the optative. Besides documenting the existence of lexical tone on verbs in Yakpa, this study adds to the evidence suggesting that its presence is the norm, rather than the exception, in Banda languages. We suggest that Proto-Banda likely exhibited lexical tone on verbs, which was then analogically reduced in Mono.
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