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Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 (henceforth Synechococcus) is a powerful synthetic biology chassis for applications such as renewable sources of biofuels because of its ability to use solar energy and to capture of CO2. This organism possesses the ability for natural transformation and a fast doubling time of under 3 hours. In order to streamline the integration of genes into the Synechococcus chromosome, we validated neutral integration sites and optimized DNA transformation protocol parameters. To simplify chromosomal integrations, we designed three BioBrick-compatible genetic modules, each targeting a separate neutral integration site (A2842, A0935 and A0159) which had been used in previous research. We demonstrated that homologous regions of 100 nt are sufficient for inserting a 1kb BioBrick-flanked fragment into three neutral integration sites. Transformation efficiency varies for different neutral integration sites. By adapting a transformation protocol from a related cyanobacterium, we shortened the transformation procedure for Synechococcus by about 50%. Integration at A2842, A0935 and A0159 results in only a minimal fitness cost for the chassis. This study contributes to developing Synechococcus as the prominent photosynthetic chassis for future synthetic biology applications.
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