This dataset contains the results of 268 explanatory variables computed for 206 sampling points located in the matrix area and the Ecological Infrastructure (EI) patches of two study areas located in agricultural landscapes of the Tagus and Sorraia rivers floodplains (Portugal). Variable types include: i) point variables, pertaining to the sampling points where information on biodiversity was gathered; ii) EI variables, referring to the spatial configuration of the EI patches where the sampling points were located; and iii) Buffer variables, including 63 landscape metrics related to matrix and EI features contained in 50 m, 200 m, 500 m and 1000 m buffers for each point. A complete list of the explanatory variables, with a description and main ecological implications, can be consulted in the page "Variable description". The results for the explanatory variables can be viewed in the page "Variables". This dataset was obtained under the framework of the Optimal greening of irrigated farmland to achieve a prime environment project (Optimus Prime project – PTDC/ASP-AGR/29771/2017). This project aims to investigate the ecological benefits sustained by the EI in Mediterranean agricultural landscapes to enable providing guidelines to increment benefits to both ecosystem services and farmland producers.