**Faculty Supervisor:** Amélie Gourdon-Kanhukamwe **Students Researchers:** Zoé Szczepaniak, Lévina Dia, Margot Chabuel, Emma Debille, and Evane Rabaud **Replication Overview:** We are replicating Troy and al. (2017) first study for our Introduction of Research and Data Analysis class at University Grenoble Alpes in France in 2020/2021 academic school year. Emotion regulation is an important moderator between psychological health and socioeconomic status (SES). Those who have a lower SES have more external constraints placed on their behaviors and decisions thus emotion-regulation strategies are more beneficial for them. In higher SES contexts, the ability to use effective emotion regulation may be less important for psychological health because direct control over the situation is possible. ***Hypothesis :*** Change the Things You Can: Emotion Regulation Is More Beneficial for People From Lower Than From Higher Socioeconomic Status is a study conducted by using a questionnaire by Troy, McRae, Zarolia, Ford and Mauss in 2016. The paper consisted of three studies and for this class our group will try to replicate the first one. Study 1 is a transverse questionnaire that tested the link between cognitive reappraisal ability (CRA) and depression symptoms while controlling the effect of life stress, thus we will try to replicate this effect. The null hypothesis of the author was that CRA did not have an effect on the depression level of people whose SES is low. The alternative hypothesis was that CRA had a positive effect on people whose SES is low, which meant that they have less depressive symptoms than people whose SES is higher. Furthermore, they controlled the effect of life stress because it could have influenced the participants’ depressive symptoms and they wanted to be sure that they were measuring depressive symptoms only. ***Authors sampling method :*** The authors recruited the participant by using Mechanical Turk : this allowed them to create a convenience sample. Participants were all adults residing in the United States. After eliminating people under 18, people that responded to the study in less than three minutes and those who did not answer all the questions, there were 301 participants. Study 1 was an online questionnaire that lasted about fifteen minutes. The authors controlled the effect of age, stress level, race and the habitual cognitive reappraisal. To replicate this study, we will recrute people by social media (Facebook) through friends and acquaintances. As explain in more detail in the Materials Wiki, we will reach 100 participants. Participants will be more that 18 years old and be fluent in english. ***Analysis :*** They measured the SES, the cognitive reappraisal ability (CRA), the habitual reappraisal use, depressive symptoms and life stress. To measure the SES of the participants, they opted to use a range of annual income rated 1 (10,000 or below) to 12 (200,000 or above) so that they will not have to say their absolute income because many people do not know or are not willing to report their exact absolute income (=social desirability bias). To measure the CRA, they use a 8-item report measure of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) that was modified to ensure that the interaction between CRA and SES was present over and above the effect of habitual reappraisal use. Indeed, they were not interested in how much the participants were trying to use CRA but how much they actually did use CRA effectively. To measure the habitual reappraisal they used the ERQ. To measure depressive symptoms they used a 5-item version of the Center of Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale that goes from 0 (none of the time) to 3 (most of the time). Finally they measured life stress with a 4-item version of the Perceived Stress Scale that assesses the stress symptoms in the past two years that goes from 1 (never) to 5 (very often). ***Reason we are replicating this study :*** We think that it is important to replicate Study 1 because, first, this study is the base of the paper. Indeed, Study 2 is extending the results found in Study 1 to apply it to women that endured a severe stressful situation. They are also using Study 2, which relies on Study 1, to do Study 3 which addresses the limitation of the two previous studies. Thus, it is important to replicate Study 1 because its results will influence the other two studies that the authors are conducting. Secondly, because of the recent replication crisis, we want to make sure that the effect found here is real. They could have made mistakes in the way they constructed the study, in the analysis, or they could have missed reporting values or conditions that will influence the results found. Finally, their results can influence the health of people who are suffering from depressive symptoms. Indeed, if their findings are true, we can take action to help them by informing therapists, medical workers and such to apply it to people suffering from depressive symptoms who are from low SES. That is why we must first make sure that their findings are real so that it will not affect people’s health negatively. **Files Included:** - Methods and Analysis of the authors Materials - Socioeconomic status (SES) scale - Cognitive reappraisal ability (CRA) scale - Habitual cognitive reappraisal use (ERQ subscale cognitive reappraisal) - Depressive symptoms (CES-D) scale - Life stress (PSS-4) scale Procedure - Video of the procedure - Questionnaire **Citation:** Troy, A. S., Ford, B. Q., McRae, K., Zarolia, P., & Mauss, I. B. (2017). Change the things you can: Emotion regulation is more beneficial for people from lower than from higher socioeconomic status. Emotion, 17(1), 141–154. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000210 This page contains all the collected study materials and instructions from authors that we have compiled. We also include any comments from other contributors or follow up instructions that we have learned since the beginning of the project. Click "read more" below or choose the "Wiki" option above for further information. Contact Lea Hildebrandt ([leakhildebrandt@gmail.com][1]) or Jordan Wagge ([crep.psych@gmail.com][2]) with questions or problems. **Abstract** Emotion regulation is central to psychological health, and several emotion-regulation strategies have been identified as beneficial. However, new theorizing suggests the benefits of emotion regulation should depend on its context. One important contextual moderator might be socioeconomic status (SES), because SES powerfully shapes people’s ecology: lower SES affords less control over one’s environment and thus, the ability to self-regulate should be particularly important. Accordingly, effectively regulating one’s emotions (e.g., using cognitive reappraisal) could be more beneficial in lower (vs. higher) SES contexts. Three studies (N=429) tested whether SES moderates the link between cognitive reappraisal ability (CRA; measured with surveys and in the laboratory) and depression. Each study and a meta-analysis of the three studies revealed that CRA was associated with less depression for lower-SES but not higher-SES individuals. Thus, CRA may be uniquely beneficial in lower-SES contexts. More broadly, the effects of emotion regulation depend upon the ecology within which it is used. **Notes from the author** The authors sent the specific questions used for the CRA and the CES-D. Furthermore, they noted the following: "One thought to consider is that the measure of SES - income - might not necessarily translate. According to the conceptual model, the effect was due to the extent to which income is associated with controllability of stressors. And so it’s important to pay attention to the range of incomes, and in particular avoid restricted range (especially at the lower range)." **Notes from the CREP Team** The CRA and CES-D are now added to the materials. Please be aware that the previous version of the materials contained wrong CES-D questions. The full Troy et al. (2018) paper can be accessed [here][4] (may require a library subscription) [1]: mailto:leakhildebrandt@gmail.com [2]: mailto:crep.psych@gmail.com [3]: https://osf.io/7yscv/ [4]: https://doi.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Femo0000210