In this folder you will find the materials, data and scripts used in a project investigating auditory surprise in realistic and complex musical contexts. The project encompassed one single MEG and one single behavioral experiment, including musicians and non-musicians in both cases. This repository is divided in five sections. The first one reports the methods and materials of both experiments. The second, third fourth and five contain the specific data and analyses reported in four journal articles dealing with different aspects of the research question, as follows: Study 1 - entropy: Quiroga-Martinez, D. R., Hansen, N. C., Højlund, A., Pearce, M., Brattico, E., & Vuust, P. (2019). Reduced prediction error responses in high-as compared to low-uncertainty musical contexts. Cortex. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2019.06.010 preprint available at: https://doi.org/10.1101/422949 Study 2 - expertise: Quiroga-Martinez, D. R., Hansen, N. C., Højlund, A., Pearce, M., Brattico, E., & Vuust, P. (2019). Musical prediction error responses similarly reduced by predictive uncertainty in musicians and non-musicians. European Journal of Neuroscience. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.14667 Preprint available at: https://doi.org/10.1101/754333 Study 3 - computationally modeled non-disruptive surprise (IDyOM): Quiroga-Martinez, D. R., Hansen, N. Chr., Højlund, A., Pearce, M., Brattico, E., & Vuust, P. (2020). Decomposing neural responses to melodic surprise in musicians and non-musicians: Evidence for a hierarchy of predictions in the auditory system. NeuroImage, 116816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116816 Study 4 - Predictability_DCM Quiroga-Martinez, D. R., Hansen, N. C., Højlund, A., Pearce, M., Brattico, E., Holmes, E., Friston, K., & Vuust, P. (2021). Musicianship and melodic predictability enhance neural gain in auditory cortex during pitch deviance detection. BioRxiv, 2021.02.11.430838. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.11.430838