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Listener and musical factors influence the identification of songs from chord progressions. Having played and being able to write out the chords of the target song from long-term memory (hereafter, specialized harmonic familiarity) facilitate the identification of jazz standards from their chord progressions among Jazz musicians (Jimenez & Kuusi, 2018b). Additionally, identifying popular songs and pieces of classical music from chord progressions is easier when stimuli are played using piano tones as opposed to Shepard tones, an effect that may be at least partially driven by the melodic ambiguity that Shepard tones create (Jimenez & Kuusi, 2018a). The present study investigated whether similar and additional effects can be observed under different experimental conditions. Adopting a gating paradigm, this new study tested the ability of 303 Beatles fans to identify four well-known Beatles songs from chord progressions played using piano tones. Results confirmed previous findings regarding the effect of melodic cues. We also found some effect of specialized harmonic similarity and transposition but only for the songs that were easiest to identify. A possible explanation for this is that participants who are particularly familiar with a song and its harmony have an easier access to, and higher likelihood of using top-down identification strategies such as singing the melody on top of the chords or recollecting the chord labels of the song and that close transposition and extra-harmonic similarity between stimuli and original can facilitate the success of such top-down strategies.
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