Data analyzed in Menétrey, M. Q., Roinishvili, M., Chkonia, E., Herzog, M. H., & Pascucci, D. (2024). Alpha peak frequency affects visual performance beyond temporal resolution. Imaging Neuroscience, 2, 1-12. doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/imag_a_00107 The behavioral and EEG data were originally collected and analyzed in previous works (e.g., da Cruz et al., 2020, https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbz133; Garobbio et al., 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111206; Gordillo et al., 2023, https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhac309). In a new analysis of these data, we investigated the relationships between Individual Alpha Peak Frequency (IAPF) and performance in the Visual Backward Masking (VBM; see the manuscript for additional information about VBM). The dataset provided here represents the preprocessed data for 75 control subjects and 119 patients with schizophrenia. IAPF_RS_final.mat and IAPF_TASK_final.mat files contain a table with the IAPF measured for each participant, either with a resting-state period or the pre-stimulus period during the VBM task (see the manuscript for additional information about EEG pre-processing and IAPF extraction). In addition, individual performance in the four different VBM conditions (proportion correct) and reaction times, averaged over all trials, are provided. Additional information can be requested by writing to maelan.menetrey@gmail.com.