We used Google Earth Engine (https://earthengine.google.com/) to fetch and manipulate data from the Landsat series of satellites (30m spatial resolution; https://www.usgs.gov/land-resources/nli/landsat) and the gridMET meteorological product (4km spatial resolution; http://www.climatologylab.org/gridmet.html) to create this raster dataset of wildfire severity, vegetation characteristics, and regional climate conditions within the perimeters of 1,090 wildfires found in the 2017 version of the CalFire Fire and Resource Assessment Program (FRAP) database (http://frap.fire.ca.gov/projects/fire_data/fire_perimeters_index). The FRAP dataset represents the most comprehensive set of fire perimeters in California, and thus this dataset represents the most comprehensive set of fire severity measurements in the survey region (yellow pine/mixed-conifer forests of the Sierra Nevada mountain range). Each fire in this dataset burned at least partially in yellow pine/mixed-conifer (YPMC) forest, distinguished as dry mixed-conifer, moist mixed-conifer, or yellow pine "presettlement fire regimes" in the 2015 version of the USDA Forest Service Fire Return Interval Departure dataset (https://www.fs.fed.us/r5/rsl/projects/gis/data/FRID/FRID_Metadata.html) These raster data are in geoTIFF format with a coordinate reference system of EPSG:3310. Each geoTIFF file is named with the YYYYMMDD formatted date of the fire's "alarm date" (it's discovery date), followed by an underscore, followed by a 5-digit number identifying the image's export order, followed by an underscore, followed by a unique 20-character id for each fire (as designated during the Google Earth Engine workflow), followed by an underscore, followed by the coordinate reference system information. Each geoTIFF contains 49 bands, with a band name and description given in a separate .csv metadata file. An example R script for reading one geoTIFF, renaming the bands, and plotting the severity using the calibrated thresholds is included in this dataset. We also include two versions of a metadata file describing characteristics of each fire as described in the FRAP database with some additional information about the amount of area within each fire that burned in yellow pine/mixed-conifer (YPMC) forest. One version is a .csv file and contains no geometry information describing the location of the perimeter of the fire. The second version is a geoJSON file that includes the attributes as well as the geometry information for the fire. Note that a geoJSON file cannot support the EPSG:3310 coordinate reference system used for each geoTIFF file, so the geometry must be transformed from EPSG:4326 to EPSG:3310 to overlay on the corresponding geoTIFF image. Code for this transformation is also available in the included R script. Further details on the derivation and calibration of the severity measurements can be found in the manuscript Koontz et al. (2019), which is another component of this Open Science Framework project and can also be found on the EvoEcoRxiv.