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The low discriminant validity that some of the established instruments for the assessment of anxiety exhibit regarding depressive symptoms has presented to be a challenge. In this context, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; Spielberger, Gorsuch, Lushene, Vagg, & Jacobs, 1983) must be mentioned, which is used almost exclusively to assess state and trait anxiety. Newer findings suggest that the STAI also assesses depressive symptoms, aside from anxiety (Kennedy, Schwab, Morris, & Beldia, 2001; Knowles & Olatunji, 2020). Both constructs appear to share a component of negative affect (e.g. Anderson & Hope, 2008; Balon, 2005; Bieling, Antony, & Swinson, 1998; Caci, Baylé, Dossios, Robert, & Boyer, 2003). In the context of clinical research and practice, one might not only be interested in assessing negative affectivity, but in assessing distinct aspects of anxiety. Therefore, we are in need of an instrument that validly assesses anxiety, separate from depressive symptoms. In contrast to other questionnaires, the State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety (STICSA; Ree, French, MacLeod, & Locke, 2008) aims to do just that – measuring anxiety without measuring negative affectivity. In the present study we aimed to develop a German version of the State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety (STICSA) and evaluate the psychometric properties. Associations of cognitive and somatic anxiety with other measures of anxiety, depression, and stress, elucidating possible underlying functional connections, were also examined. Other measures beside the STICSA were the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI, Spielberger, 1981; German version by Laux, Glanzmann, Schaffner & Spielberger, 1983), the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21, Henry & Crawford, 2005; German version by Nilges & Essau, 2015), and the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI, Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996; German version by Kühner et al., 2007). Data from 301 participants was collected online for sample 1. Data from 303 participants was additionally collected for sample 2. Dynamic connections between somatic and cognitive anxiety, other measures of anxiety, depression, and stress, were analyzed using a network approach. Psychometric analyses were conducted using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. ---------- REFERENCES - Anderson, E. R., & Hope, D. A. (2008). A review of the tripartite model for understanding the link between anxiety and depression in youth. Clinical psychology review, 28(2), 275-287. - Balon, R. (2005). Measuring anxiety: are we getting what we need? Depression and Anxiety, 22(1), 1-10. - Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Beck depression inventory (BDI-II) (Vol. 10): Pearson London, UK. - Bieling, P. J., Antony, M. M., & Swinson, R. P. (1998). The State--Trait Anxiety Inventory, Trait version: structure and content re-examined. Behaviour research and therapy, 36(7-8), 777-788. - Caci, H., Baylé, F. J., Dossios, C., Robert, P., & Boyer, P. (2003). The Spielberger trait anxiety inventory measures more than anxiety. European Psychiatry, 18(8), 394-400. - Henry, J. D., & Crawford, J. R. (2005). The short‐form version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS‐21): Construct validity and normative data in a large non‐clinical sample. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44(2), 227-239. - Kennedy, B. L., Schwab, J. J., Morris, R. L., & Beldia, G. (2001). Assessment of state and trait anxiety in subjects with anxiety and depressive disorders. Psychiatric Quarterly, 72(3), 263-276. - Knowles, K. A., & Olatunji, B. O. (2020). Specificity of trait anxiety in anxiety and depression: Meta-analysis of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Clinical psychology review, 82, 101928. - Kühner, C., Bürger, C., Keller, F., & Hautzinger, M. (2007). Reliability and validity of the revised Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Results from German samples. Der Nervenarzt, 78(6), 651-656. - Laux, L., Glanzmann, P., Schaffner, P., & Spielberger, C. (1981). STAI. State-trait-angstinventar. Göttingen: beltz test gmbh. - Nilges, P., & Essau, C. (2015). Die depressions-angst-stress-skalen. Der Schmerz, 29(6), 649-657. - Ree, M. J., French, D., MacLeod, C., & Locke, V. (2008). Distinguishing Cognitive and Somatic Dimensions of State and Trait Anxiety: Development and Validation of the State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety (STICSA). Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 36(03). doi:10.1017/s1352465808004232 - Spielberger, C., Gorsuch, R., Lushene, R., Vagg, P., & Jacobs, G. (1983). Manual for the State-trait anxiety inventory (form Y self-evaluation questionnaire) consulting psychologists press: Palo Alto. CA.
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