**SAMPLE SIZE & SAMPLE DEMOGRAPHICS** We will collect data from a minimum of 200 participants, with at least 100 participants for each study. We hope to obtain a sample of exactly 200 participants, but it is possible we will sample slightly more than that due to scheduling (e.g., if we schedule additional slots to make sure we have at least 100 per study, we will include the extra participants in the analyses). Based on our previous research we expect that we have to exclude 10-20% of the participants from the final analysis (due to anticipating the unexpected stimulus, no noticing in the full-attention trial, and other factors). Our final analyzed sample will include at least 80 participants per study. If the 100 participants we test for each study do not include at least 80 usable participants, we will continue testing (in increments of 5 participants) until we have at least 80 usable participants. We chose to analyze at least 80 participants per study because a sample of that size will provide for a confidence interval of approximately ±.20 around a measured correlation. The sample will be recruited in courses and on campus of the German Sports University and thus will mostly comprise university students. The sample will be restricted to individuals between 18 and 40 years who did not take part in one of our former inattentional blindness studies and are not familiar with the paradigm. **MATERIALS** Detailed information about the materials can be found under the “Methods and Measures” node. **PROCEDURE** We will first conduct Study 1 and then Study 2. The following information applies to both studies. Participants will sign a declaration of consent. Then the chin rest will be adjusted to a comfortable height and participants will put on the headphones. The chin rest and the headphones are only used for the inattentional blindness / inattentional deafness test. First the inattentional blindness / inattentional deafness test is conducted, followed by the general questionnaire. The 3 working memory tasks are then performed in a randomized order. After completion of all tests, participants are debriefed. Summary of procedure: - Declaration of consent - Adjusting of chin rest - Headphones - Inattentional Blindness Task / Inattentional Deafness Task - General Questionnaire - 3 working memory tasks - Debriefing **TESTING LOCATION** The study will be conducted at the German Sports University. Participants will be tested alone or in groups of two people for Study 4 and alone for Study 5. When participants are tested in groups of two, they will not see the other participant because room dividers separate the two work spaces. Also, participants are routinely instructed to work quietly. **EXPERIMENTERS** The data collection is led by Carina Kreitz (M.Sc. Psych). She will thoroughly instruct three interns (all psychology students). **DATA COLLECTION** Participants will be recruited by flyers placed around the German Sports University Cologne. Additionally, students can register for the study in lists passed around in courses. The registration call will not contain any information about the study other than that it is a study about cognitive abilities, that it will last approximately 1 hour, and that subjects will be paid 10 Euro for their participation. Participants will be assigned to one of the six possible orderings of the three working memory tasks (see attached files). If, however, two participants take part at the same time they will complete the working memory tasks in the same order to minimize interruptions and distraction. Participants are instructed at the beginning to sit quietly and wait whenever they finish a task. When both participants have finished a task, the experimenter will start the next task for both participants simultaneously. For Study 1, participants are always grouped in pairs of two on the list (see boxes with bold lines in the attached file "sequence_study1"). Hence, if two participants are tested simultaneously one box will be filled. If only one participant takes part then the second row of the box will remain empty until the next single participant will be tested. The experimental instructions will be delivered to the participants on the screen before each test. Participants are additionally encouraged to ask questions if not clear about the instructions. All tests will be shown on a computer display. Only the questionnaire will be filled out on paper. Participants will be unaware that they are participating in an inattentional blindness / inattentional deafness study. To prevent task knowledge spilling over from tested participants to still-to-be-tested participants, the debriefing text will ask participants to avoid sharing information about the experimental procedure with their fellow students. **DATA EXCLUSION** The experimenters will keep a lab log. On the basis of the lab log, data may be excluded prior to examining the data. Data will be excluded if there are technical failures, procedural errors by the experimenter, failures to follow instructions, or knowledge that an unexpected stimulus would appear (i.e., they were familiar with inattentional blindness / inattentional deafness and realized that was what we were testing). Any excluded data and the reason for exclusion will be noted in the data file and lab log. Excluded participants will not be replaced by new participants.