The first and last two strokes per stage were excluded from analyses from each device to eliminate some inconsistencies between the devices at the onset and termination of rowing. Outliers defined as strokes where power was greater than seven standard deviations (SDs) from the stage mean power for that device were also excluded; 24 such outliers were identified, but only for Weba units. Occasionally, errors relating to the recording of devices (both human and device errors) resulted in missing strokes or whole stages for certain device units. Stages where a device had more than five missing strokes were excluded from the analyses for that device. A total of 14 stages were missing or excluded for the Reference System, which were also excluded for the other devices. The number of additional stages missing or excluded were three for Peach, one for EmPower, six for Weba, and 32 for the Concept2 (of which the excluded stages were split between the 30-s test and Stage 7 and were related to not all strokes being recorded successfully by the PainSled app).