Abstract: Past fMRI studies found that the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) is engaged in selective encoding strategies for prioritizing valuable information to promote memory efficiency (Cohen et al., 2014, 2016). Our study used high-definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation to investigate left VLPFC’s causal role in supporting memory advantage for high-value items. Three groups of college participants were asked to memorize lists of words with arbitrarily assigned point values. In the first stage, all groups received sham stimulation as they encoded five lists of 30 words. Two of the lists were immediately tested with free recall. The second stage was structured like the first, but the groups differed in receiving either sham stimulation or anodal stimulation on the left or right VLPFC. The remaining lists were tested one day later. Results show that left anodal stimulation significantly increased participants’ recognition of high-value words and reduced their recognition of low-value words while the right anodal and sham stimulation did not. These results demonstrate a causal role for left VLPFC in the implementation of selective encoding strategies in verbal memory.