For the Gerald vignette, all participants read: “Gerald is driving through the countryside with his young son Andrew. Along the way he sees numerous objects and points them out to his son. 'That's a cow, Andrew,' Gerald says, 'and that over there is a house where farmers live.' Gerald has no doubt about what the objects are. What Gerald and Andrew do not realize is the area they are driving through was recently hit by a very serious tornado. This tornado did not harm any of the animals, but did destroy most buildings. In an effort to maintain the rural area's tourist industry, local townspeople built new houses in the place of the destroyed houses. These new houses were rebuilt with all the materials necessary for them to look exactly like the original houses from the road, and they are also fully furnished and can now be used as actual housing.” In the knowledge condition, participants read: “Having just entered the tornado-ravaged area, Gerald notices the many houses lining the roads. When he tells Andrew 'That's a house,' the object he sees and points at is a real house that has survived the tornado and not one of the new houses.” In the ignorance condition, participants read: “Having driven through the tornado-ravaged area, Gerald has encountered many of these fake houses. When he tells Andrew 'That's a house,' the object he sees and points at is a fake house that was built after the tornado and is not actually a house.” In the gettier condition, participants read: “Having just entered the tornado-ravaged area, Gerald has not yet encountered any fake houses. When he tells Andrew 'That's a house,' the object he sees and points at is a real house that has survived the tornado and not one of the fake houses.” For the Emma vignette, all participants read: “Emma is shopping for jewelry. She goes into a nice-looking store and selects a necklace from a tray marked "Diamond Earrings and Pendants." "What a lovely diamond!" she says as she tries it on. Emma could not tell the difference between a real diamond and a cubic zirconium fake just by looking or touching.” In the knowledge condition, participants read: “However, this particular store has very honest employees who have a really positive reputation for their guaranteed real diamonds; in the tray Emma chose, all of the pendants had real diamonds rather than fake cubic zirconium stones (and the one she chose was really nice).” In the ignorance condition, participants read: “Unfortunately, this particular store has very dishonest employees who have been stealing real diamonds and replacing them with fakes; in the tray Emma chose, almost all of the pendants had cubic zirconium stones rather than diamonds (and the one she chose was in fact fake).” In the gettier condition, participants read: “Unfortunately, this particular store has very dishonest employees who have been stealing real diamonds and replacing them with fakes; in the tray Emma chose, almost all of the pendants had cubic zirconium stones rather than diamonds (but the one she chose happened to be real).” For the Darrel vignette, all participants read: “Darrel is an ecologist collecting data on red speckled ground squirrels in Canyon Falls national park. The park is divided into ten zones and today Darrel is working Zone 3. While scanning the river valley with his binoculars, Darrel sees a small, bushy-tailed creature with distinctive red markings on its chest and belly. The red speckled ground squirrel is the only native species with such markings. Darrel records in his journal, ‘At least one red speckled ground squirrel in Zone 3 today.’ In the knowledge condition, participants read: “Ecologists are unaware that a complex network of aquifers recently began drying up in the park. These aquifers carry vital nutrients to the trees and other forms of plant life that support the squirrels. And the aquifers in the river valley running through Zone 3 are no exception. The animal Darrel is looking at is indeed a thirsty red speckled ground squirrel.” In the ignorance condition, participants read: “Ecologists are unaware that a non-native species of prairie dog recently began invading the park. These prairie dogs also have red markings on their chest and belly. When these prairie dogs tried to invade Zone 3, the red speckled ground squirrels were unable to completely drive them away. And, the animal Darrel is looking at is indeed one of the prairie dogs.” In the gettier condition, participants read: “Ecologists are unaware that a non-native species of prairie dog recently began invading the park. These prairie dogs also have red markings on their chest and belly. When these prairie dogs tried to invade Zone 3, the red speckled ground squirrels were unable to completely drive them away. Still, the animal Darrel is looking at is a red speckled ground squirrel.”