David Calhoun and Danny Smyth, Energy and Transportation A comparison of the environmental and monetary impacts of asphalt and concrete pavements is important because of the increasing need to eliminate environmental damage wherever possible.  Furthermore, potentially maximizing the tight budget of the US federal and state governments by considering concrete more than it has been in the past (93% of US roads are asphalt) could be beneficial.  In conducting this comparison no experiment was conducted, but an in depth lifetime cost analysis (LCA) was completed that focused on the environmental impacts from acquiring the necessary raw materials through the end of their respective life spans.  In addition to completing the LCA, the impacts of the respective pavements Albedo values, fuel efficiencies of vehicles on the surfaces, and the monetary costs of manufacturing and maintaining the two pavements were analyzed for one lane mile of pavement over 40 years.  Asphalt requires 14,043 MBtu (Million Btu) of energy and 1,763,153 dollars to create and maintain, releases 7.4 million kilograms more CO2 than concrete (in urban areas). On the other hand, concrete requires 8,127 MBtu, $1,213,551, and costs the average American 40 less gallons of gas per year.  All of the data compiled suggests that, over a 40 year period, concrete is a cheaper and more environmentally friendly pavement than asphalt, making it an important part of future road projects.