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Negative polarity items (NPIs) are lexical items which are grammatically
licensed by a c-commanding negative element in a sentence. The
grammaticality illusion for some sentences containing unlicensed NPI has
been tied to general accounts of grammaticality illusions. NPIs have a
grammatical mirror, positive polarity items (PPIs), which instead have an
anti-licensing constraint. In other words, PPI are lexical items which are
ungrammatical in environments that can host NPI. We find that PPI are
susceptible to an illusion of *ungrammaticality *in the same environments
where NPI are susceptible to an illusion of grammaticality, in both offline
and online measures. This suggests current processing approaches to
illusion may need revised in order to correctly predict illusions of
ungrammaticality.