The full supplementary materials (and associated code) are in the **Supplementary Materials** folder. CODE REVIEW [Tiago Lubiana][1] conducted an independent code review of our model. The associated Github repository is linked to this OSF page. The final code-review report, with responses from the authors, is available in the **notes_on_model_claims_by_lubiana_plus_author_comments.md** file. CODE FOR PLOTS IN THE MAIN TEXT **Plot_MainResults_Images.R** contains R code to plot all results for the analyses in the main text. **Plot_Figure4.R** contains R code to plot the version of Figure 4 with a broken axis that is presented in the main text. MODEL CODE *Primary* **Main_CompetitionSimulation_Code_OSF.R** contains the model code. *Secondary* **Run_plot_singleruns_and_eqss_histograms_OSF.R** contains code to visualize the population at each generation in the evolutionary process, as opposed to just the equilibrium outcome + code to visualize the distribution of sample sizes at equilibrium, within single runs. **Experimental_Manip_Aban_Popsizetesting_OSF.R** contains code to run the non-evolutionary version of our model to explore the effect of abandonment on payoffs in various conditions (e.g., varying population size). **RawPopLevel_Cleaning_OSF.R** contains the code for obtaining aggregate population-level outcomes from the raw data generated by the main model. **RawPopLevel_Cleaning_ZeroInflated_OSF.R** contains the code for obtaining aggregate population-level outcomes from the raw data generated by the a variant of the model where effects are sampled from a zero-inflated distribution. **plot_decay.R** contains the code to plot the graph visualizing the effect of previously published results on payoff, as a function of decay. SIMULATED DATA *Primary* **400_200_100_10sc_eq_data_final.RDATA** contains all the data for equilibrium outcomes from the main simulation. **rawdata_agg_allsuc.RDATA** contains all the raw data used to calculate population-level outcomes from the main simulation **data_raw_logoddsbelief_all.RDATA** contains the raw data, before aggregation, used to calculate average change in log odds belief. **logoddsbelief_allsc.RDATA** contains the aggregated data used to calculate average change in log odds belief. *Secondary* **10sc_15000life_sens.RDATA** contains the data used for a supplementary analysis to check whether the results for the 10 startup cost simulation are the same when lifespan is extended from 5000 to 15000. **eq.data_initcond_senscheck.RDATA** contains the data used for a supplementary analysis to check whether results of the model are sensitive to initial conditions (i.e., the initial distribution of scientists' sample sizes) **fulldata_allgenerations_12runs_400suc.RDATA** contains the data used for a supplementary analysis to make full plots of the evolution of sample size across generations. **logoddsbelief_absoluteval_allsc.RDATA** contains the aggregated data used to calculate the average absolute value of the change in log odds belief. **noaban_varyingdecay_full_30rep.RData** contains the data from a simulation in which scientists were prevented from abandoning their question when they were scooped. **varyingexprate_1_3_30_25repeats_eqdata.RData** contains the data from a sensitivity check in which we varied the rate parameter for the exponential distribution from which effect sizes were sampled. **eqhist_ss_final.RDATA** contains the data used for a supplementary analysis plotting the distribution of equilibrium sample sizes, within individual runs of the simulation **data_1000pop_all.RDATA** contains the data used for a supplementary simulation with a larger population size of 1000 scientists. **data_eqpayoffdivided_samplersssameq_400_all.RDATA** contains the data used for a supplementary simulation with a modified payoff function where payoffs are divided by the number of samplers on the same question. Done to check the sensitivity of the equilibrium sample size and abandonment results to this modified payoff function. **eqdata_varsampcost.RDATA** contains the data used for a supplementary simulation in which there are larger sampling costs per unit of data. **senscheck_1000popsize_400suc.RDATA** contains the data for a sensitivity check with a larger population size. **aggregated_logodds_belief_400_2comp_se_zi.RDATA** contains the data for a sensitivity analysis calculating the change in log odds belief when data comes from zero-inflated distributions. *Z_Backups* Contains backups of all the data for the main paper, before aggregation and cleaning. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS Contains the supplementary materials, in html and pdf form. APPEALS Contains all appeals of prior publication decisions of this paper. [1]: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2473-2313