This paper argues, based on the cross-linguistic distribution of
Prolepsis and cross-clausal A-dependencies [CCA], that composite probes
(probes containing two types of probing elements) show a hierarchy of
dependence between the two sub-probes. As a result, three probing
mechanisms arise, which we show are responsible for the cross-linguistic
variation involved in the constructions ranging from Prolepsis to
Hyperraising.