Theories of VP ellipsis diverge on whether an unpronounced syntactic structure is present at the ellipsis site. Using the visual world paradigm, we replicated a previous study with a modified set of materials showing that the semantic representations were reactivated in both VP ellipsis and anaphora constructions, but phonological representations were reactivated only in VP ellipsis. This supports the PF deletion approach for VP ellipsis in which linguistic structure—including phonological and semantic information—is present in the ellipsis site. Our paradigm can be used to reveal the subtle effects of different retrieval features across different ellipsis constructions and languages.