From Alex Jones to David Icke, conspiracy theories have been a frequent
topic of debate in recent years. However, it is not clear what separates
conspiracy theories from mainstream news. I compare 25 conspiracy news
sites to 25 mainstream news sites across two studies. In Study 1, I examine
the language used in conspiracy and mainstream news sites with linguistic
and topic analysis and find that conspiracy and mainstream news have
different linguistic signatures. In Study 2, I ask 200 people to rate
headlines from conspiracy and mainstream news sites on a variety of
dimensions to see if they differ in dimensions like fearmongering,
political ideology, and perceived veracity. I also examine how demographic
variables (e.g., political orientation) affect their perception of the
veracity and conspiratorial nature of headlines from both conspiracy and
mainstream sites. Liberals perceive headlines from conservative-leaning
sites as less true and more conspiratorial, and conservatives perceive
headlines from liberal-leaning sites as less true and more conspiratorial,
regardless of whether the headlines were from mainstream or conspiratorial
sites.