**Novel Results Hypotheses** ***H1:*** People who indicate greater reliance on GPS will demonstrate poorer SILCton/navigation performance than those who indicate less reliance. ***H2:*** People who indicate greater general GPS usage for turn-by-turn directions will demonstrate poorer SILCton/navigation performance than those who indicate less usage. - When considering navigation scenario familiarity, differences will become less pronounced as familiarity increases ***H3:*** People who indicate greater general GPS usage for route planning will demonstrate better SILCton/navigation performance than those who indicate less usage. - When considering navigation scenario familiarity, differences will become less pronounced as familiarity increases ***H4:*** There are expected to be no differences between GPS usage for time/traffic estimates and finding a specific service in regards to SILCton/navigation performance. ***H5:*** People who indicate greater GPS usage (across all functionalities/scenarios) will demonstrate poorer SILCton/navigation performance than those who indicate less usage. - When considering navigation scenario familiarity, differences will become less pronounced as familiarity increases **Replication Hypotheses** ***H6:*** People who indicate greater GPS usage (across all functionalities/scenarios) will have lower self-reported sense of direction than those who indicate less usage. - When considering navigation scenario familiarity, differences will become less pronounced as familiarity increases ***H7:*** People who indicate greater GPS usage (across all functionalities/scenarios) will have greater indicated spatial anxiety than those who indicate less usage. ***H8:*** People who indicate greater reliance on GPS will have lower self-reported sense of direction than those who indicate less reliance. ***H9:*** People who indicate greater reliance on GPS will have greater indicated spatial anxiety than those who indicate less reliance. ***H10:*** People with greater indicated levels of sense of direction will demonstrate better SILCton/navigation and perspective taking abilities than those with lower indicated sense of direction. ***H11:*** People with greater indicated levels of spatial anxiety will demonstrate poorer SILCton/navigation performance than those with lower indicated spatial anxiety levels. ***H12:*** There is expected to be a positive association between SILCton/navigation performance and perspective taking ability.