Abstract: Emotion regulation (ER) is necessary, when type, intensity, or duration of an emotion is not adequate for a specific situation. During emotion regulation, activity in brain regions associated with cognitive control intensifies, and activity in brain regions associated with emotion responding diminishes. Immediately after regulation, activity in the amygdala increases and forms a paradoxical aftereffect. Extensive literature exists describing immediate and short-term neural effects, but only few studies targeted the association between individual differences in personality traits and neural correlates of ER. N = 85 healthy participants completed the NEO Five Factor Inventory and the PANAS scale to measure personality traits and positive and negative affect. An ER task with relaxation period was conducted within the fMRI scanner. Participants should permit their emotions or distance themselves from negative and neutral images. During ER, activation in the prefrontal cortex and deactivation in the left amygdala was found. During the post-regulation period, an immediate paradoxical aftereffect was marginally found in in the amygdala. Personality traits did not predict arousal ratings and neural activity in the amygdala during emotion regulation or post-regulation. To conclude, we replicated typical activation and deactivation patterns during intentional emotion regulation. Depending on the statistical approach, we partially replicated the paradoxical aftereffect in the amygdala. However, there was no association between personality traits and activation in the amygdala.