McIntyre, Langton & Hancock Approved Replication Schooler & Engstler-Schooler (1990) Verbal overshadowing of visual memories: Some things are better left unsaid. Cognitive Psychology, 22, 36-71. Method & Procedure Design Subjects will view a test video of a bank robbery and immediately afterward they will spend 5 minutes either describing the robber (experimental condition) or listing countries and capital cities (control condition). They will then complete an unrelated filler task for 20 minutes (an easy crossword puzzle). Finally, they will view a line-up image depicting 8 people and select the one who was in the bank robbery video or indicate that the person is not shown. They will rate confidence in this response. Sample n ≥ 100 total, with n ≥ 50 in each of the two conditions (experimental/control). We intend to use the replication within our cognitive psychology teaching plan and our sample will be drawn from the third year UG psychology cohort at Stirling University. Our student demographic is predominantly white, middle class and female. We plan to carry out data collection in 20 groups of 6 & 1 group of 5 (n = 125), thus allowing for data to be excluded if full protocol criteria has not been met. Exclusion criteria As we intend to use the replication within our cognitive psychology teaching plan, non-Caucasian and mature students will complete the study but data will not be included in the replication. Data will be excluded at the time of collection. Age, gender and ethnicity will be recorded by the participants in the response booklet. Data provided by non-Caucasian participants or participants who do not fall within the designated age range of 18 – 25 years will not be included in our analyses. To conclude the test session participants will be asked to record whether or not they are familiar with the verbal over-shadowing effect. Only the data from naive participants will be retained. Data will be excluded at the time of collection and we will continue testing subjects drawn from the undergraduate pool until the target sample who meet the required specifications is achieved. Data will also be excluded if: • Participants do not follow instructions on the experimental or control task • They do not complete all tasks • The Experimenter incorrectly administers the task or instructions • Data will be excluded without examining the recognition task performance • Any excluded data and the reason for exclusion will be identified and included in the data set. Stopping rule Data collection will continue until the required sample is achieved ( n = 100). Testing location The study will be conducted within 6 adjacent cubicles in the psychology suite at Stirling University. Each cubicle contains a desk and chair and is equipped with a PC. (images supplied) The students will be tested in groups of 6. The experimenter will be positioned in the adjoining hallway allowing the students to hear/receive instructions simultaneously. Students will able to hear the experimenter but will not be able to see or hear each other when responding or when viewing stimuli. Experimenters McIntyre, Langton or Hancock will administer all data collection. They will not need to be blind to condition assignment Materials The authors of the original study have made the original study materials available. These comprise the test video, test line-up image, instructions, and the cross-word filler task. Data collection: We have elected to present stimuli via PC to enhance control of timing while maintain separation of participants. We will request that participants record hard copies of their responses – making it easier for us to ensure that all relevant information has been provided. Digital copies will subsequently be recorded and posted with the data on Open Science Framework. The study will be described as a study of perception and memory and subjects will not know they are participating in a recognition memory task. The video and line-up image will be shown on the PC. The experimental task/control task will be completed using a pen and paper response booklet. The crossword filler task will be completed using pen and a paper copy. The line-up image will be presented using the PC, and identification responses and confidence ratings will be recorded in the response booklet. Subjects will be assigned to the experimental and control conditions on a pseud-random basis, with the constraint that equal numbers of subjects are assigned to each condition. Pseudo-random allocation to experimental or control condition will be determined for each participant using a random number generator within Excel. Within this process we can ensured equal numbers in each condition without the confound of experimenter bias. Subjects will be blind to the hypothesis about verbal overshadowing and unaware of any conditions other than their own (i.e., subjects in the experimental condition should not know that there is a control condition, and vice versa). Data from participants who are familiar with the VOE will be excluded. A stop watch will be used to monitor timing throughout. Procedure 1) Subjects are recruited to participate in a study of memory and perception 2) Subjects are pseudo-randomly assigned to the experimental condition or the control condition. 3) Subjects are told: “This experiment consists of several tasks. First, please pay close attention to the following video” 4) Subjects view a 30-second video depicting a bank robbery. 5) Subjects receive different instructions depending on their condition assignment: Experimental Condition: “Please describe the appearance of the bank robber in as much detail as possible. It is important that you attempt to describe all of his different facial features. Please write down everything that you can think of regarding the bank robber’s appearance. It is important that you try to describe him for the full 5 minutes” Control Condition: “Please name as many countries and their capital cities as you can” 6) After 3 minutes, each group should receive the following reminder: "Please continue with your task. It is important that you continue working for the full 5 minutes to provide as complete an answer as possible." 7) After 5 minutes of writing/typing, all subjects should spend 20 minutes working on the provided crossword puzzle. Each participant should be given a printed copy of the puzzle. 8) Subjects view the lineup of 8 faces and identify the one they saw in the robbery video or report that it wasn’t present. They should read/hear the following instructions: “Next you will see a line-up with 8 faces. Please identify the individual in the line-up who you believe was the bank robber in the video you watched earlier. If you do not believe the bank robber is present please indicate ‘not present’” 9) Subjects rate their confidence in their selection. They should be giving the following instructions: “Please indicate your confidence in your selection from the lineup on a scale from 1 (guessing) to 7 (certain).” Required Data Analyses: • Chi-Square comparing percentage of correct identification in the experimental and control condition • Chi-Square comparing the ratio of the percentage selecting the wrong face (misidentification) to the percentage indicating “not present” across the experimental and control conditions. • 2 (Condition) x 2 (Correct vs. incorrect/miss) ANOVA on confidence ratings