**Current and Planned Preregistered EAMMI2 Hypotheses** ---------------------------------------- **[EAMMi2 Emerging Adulthood Scale Characteristics][1]** - [registration][2] [**EAMMi2 Selectivity Hypothesis**][3] **[EAMMi2 Development and Stress Hypotheses][4]** **[EAMMi2 Disability Identification Hypotheses][5]** **[EAMMi2 Health Outcomes Hypothesis][6]** **EAMMi2 Social Media Research Question** **[EAMMi2 American Dream Hypotheses][7]** **EAMMi2 Narcissim Hypotheses** **EAMMi2 Family Oriented Markers of Adulthood Hypotheses** **EAMMi2 Educational Attainment Hypothesis** **EAMMi2 Social factors, Adulthood and Well-being Hypotheses** **[EAMMi2 Election 2016, Stress, and Health Hypothesis][8]** [**EAMMi2 Transgressions & Health Models**][9] ***EAMMi2 is Waiting for new contributors' ideas*** ***Proposing a Manuscript*** ---------------------------- A contributor intending to author a manuscript must first register an 'a priori' hypothesis. Follow the instructions to preregister below. After this, contributors can submit manuscript proposals to that [EAMMI2 component][10]. This page also lists the 'a priori hypotheses' submitted before July, 2016. These research questions/hypotheses have been claimed and those contributors are working on their manuscript proposals already. If you are interested in working on one of these questions, please contact the contributor listed. Please only preregister hypotheses and research questions that are not yet identified. **Instructions to Preregister EAMMI2 Hypotheses** ------------------------------------------------- 1) Each author or team must create a fork of the a priori component from the 'a priori hypotheses' component of EAMMI2 page ([https://osf.io/6mb3f/][11]). 2) Edit that forked page to present only information relevant your research question. You can use the American Dream example here ([https://osf.io/d8xgs/][12]). Contact Jon Grahe for basic feedback and add him as an administrator for basic help. He can be deleted before the page is registered. 3) Once edited, each separate author/team should select "New Registration" on their forked OSF page. 4) Select "Prereg Challenge" (the default) 5) When filling out the form, use the project general default answers available on the Preregistration-template_EAMMI2.docx on this page [https://osf.io/6mb3f/registrations/][13]) 6) Enter your own hypotheses and analysis plans as appropriate. 7) At the end of the form, "submit for review" to be eligible for a $1,000 prize from the [COS Pregistration Challenge][14] (most reviews take 1-3 days). 8) Once registered, provide a link of your registration to Jon Grahe, who will upload that link to the 'a priori component' where all preregistered projects will be listed. At that point you can beign a brief manuscript proposal and start writing the intro and methods to the manuscript. ---------- ***E A M M I 2*** ---------- ***A PRIORI HYPOTHESES*** ---------- **EAMMI2 Selectivity Hypothesis** **Jon Grahe** **Pacific Lutheran University** I hypothesize that students who go to more selective schools and liberal arts colleges will be less likely to report that norm compliance and relational maturity are important aspects of adulthood and report that they are less likely to have attained these characteristics. ***JUSTIFICATION*** -- Norm Complaince and Relational Maturity will be coded as described by Fosse & Toyokawa (2016). This prediction is derived from their exploratory examination of the data from the first EAMMI study (see Grahe et al. 2016). The EAMMI2 - The Next Generation provides an ability to run a confirmatory test of this hypothesis. Fosse, N., & Toyokawa, T (2016). Interinsttutional Variation in Emerging Adulthood-Does Selectivity Matter. Emerging Adulthood, 1-11. available online. Grahe, J. E., Walker, M., Reifman, A., & Oleson, K. (2016, March 11). Emerging Adulthood Measured at Multiple Instituions (EAMMI). Retrieved from osf.io/yjdaf ***EAMMI2 Disability Identification*** **Holly Chalk** **McDaniel College** • Hypothesis 1. It is expected that those who self-identify as disabled will report more somatic health symptoms than those with disability who do not self-identify. It is expected that both disability groups will report more somatic health symptoms than those with no disability. ANALYSIS - I will conduct a one-way ANOVA with disability self-identification as the IV and somatic health as the DV. The IV will have three levels (“no disability,” “disability identity” (those who identify as disabled), and “disabling impairment” (those who do NOT identify as disabled, but DO report a disability). I will use a t-test to assess planned comparisons that the “disability identity” group will report more somatic health symptoms than the “disabling impairment” group. I will also test the planned comparison that the “no disability” group will report fewer somatic health symptoms than the both disability groups combined. • Hypothesis 2 – After controlling for somatic health, it is expected that emerging adults who self-identify as disabled will report more positive psychological outcomes (higher subjective well-being and self-efficacy, lower perceived stress), greater mindfulness, greater sense of belonging, and greater achievement in markers of adulthood than those who do not self-identify as disabled (but less positive outcomes than those who have no disability). ANALYSIS - I will conduct a series of hierarchical regression analyses to test these hypotheses. Step 1 will include dummy coded variables representing sample. Step 2 will include demographic variables (sex, race/ethnicity, educational attainment). Race/ethnicity and education will be dichotomized and dummy coded (0 = white/Caucasian and 1 = other ethnicities. 0 = no college, 1 = completed some college). Step 3 will include somatic health. Step 4 will include two dummy coded variables representing disability self-identification with three levels. A separate analysis will be conducted for each dependent variable; including, subjective well-being, self-efficacy, perceived stress, mindfulness, sense of belonging, and achievement in markers of adulthood. • Hypothesis 3 – Among those with a disabling impairment, it is expected that those with positive disability identity will report more positive outcomes than those with poor disability identity. It is expected that this effect will differ based on disability self-identification. ANALYSIS - Because this hypothesis is only relevant for those with a disabling impairment, participants with no disability will not be included in this analysis. I will conduct a series of hierarchical regression analyses to test these hypotheses. Step 1 will include dummy coded variables representing sample. Step 2 will include demographic variables (sex, race/ethnicity, educational attainment). Race/ethnicity and education will be dichotomized and dummy coded (0 = white/Caucasian and 1 = other ethnicities. 0 = no college, 1 = completed some college). Step 3 will include somatic health. Step 4 will include one dummy coded variable representing disability self-identification with two levels (disability identity and disabling impairment, see coding below). Step 5 will include disability identity (scores on the Personal Opinions Questionnaire). Step 6 will include the interaction between the dummy coded variable in Step 4 and positive disability identity. A separate analysis will be conducted for each dependent variable; including, subjective well-being, self-efficacy, perceived stress, mindfulness, sense of belonging, and achievement in markers of adulthood. • Hypothesis 4 - It is expected that those with a disability who attain higher levels of education, have fewer somatic health concerns, and self-identify as disabled will be more likely to experience positive disability identity. ANALYSIS - I will conduct a hierarchical regression analysis. Step 1 will include dummy coded variables representing separate samples. Step 2 will include demographic variables (sex, race/ethnicity). Step 3 will include educational attainment. Step 4 will include somatic health. Step 5 will include disability self-identification with three levels (used for hypothesis #2). Disability identity (scores on the Personal Opinions Questionnaire) will be the dependent variable. • Hypothesis 5 – It is expected that positive disability identity will be associated with identity exploration and viewing possibilities in emerging adults. It is also expected that positive disability identity will be negatively associated with instability and feeling “in between” in emerging adults. ANALYSIS - I will conduct Pearson correlations between scores on the Personal Opinions Questionnaire and subscales of the IDEA (including identity exploration, experimentation/possibilities, negativity/instability, and feeling “in between.” ***JUSTIFICATION*** -- Disability self-identification has been associated with higher self-esteem in those with disability (Nario-Remond, Noel, & Fern, 2013). However, other studies have found that denial of disability is associated with positive adaptation to disability (Olney, Brockelman, Kennedy, & Newsom, 2004). These discrepant findings highlight the need to clarify how self-identification of disability relates to well-being in emerging adults. Some research suggests that post-secondary education is important for empowerment of young adults with disability (Wilgosh, Scorgie, Sobsey, Cey, 2010). Nario-Redmond, M. R., Noel, J. G., & Fern, E. (2013). Redefining disability, re-imagining the self: Disability identification predicts self-esteem and strategic responses to stigma. Self & Identity, 12(5), 468-488. doi:10.1080/15298868.2012.681118. Olney, M. F., Brockelman, K. F., Kennedy, J., & Newsom, M. A. (2004). Do you have a disability? A population-based test of acceptance, denial, and adjustments among adults with disabilities in the U.S. Journal of Rehabilitation, 70(1), 4-9. Wilgosh, L., Scorgie, K., Sobsey, D., & Cey, R. (2010). Quality of life and empowerment issues for post-secondary students with physical and learning disabilities. Developmental Disabilities Bulletin, 38(1-2), 111-131. **EAMMI2 Stress Hypothesis** **Justin W. Peer** **University of Michigan-Dearborn** -I hypothesize that the dimensions of emerging adulthood will predict levels of perceived stress and that a mindful disposition will significantly mediate this relationship. Further, I hypothesize that early vs. late emerging adults will differ in that the IDEA will no longer predict perceived stress for late emerging adults **Justification**-Previous research (Peer & McAuslan, in press) found that mindfulness conditionally mediated the relationship between the dimensions of emerging adulthood and self-doubt. However, little (if any) research has investigated the relationship between the dimensions of emerging adult and perceived stress across this developmental period while also considering the potential mediating influence of mindfulness on this relationship. **Analytic Plan**- The critical time period associated with Emerging Adulthood provides researchers with an ideal opportunity to better explain this construct. Multivariate statistics permits researchers to analyze complicated data sets with different types of data. Logistic regression is one flexible form of multivariate statistics that will predict group membership based on a set of predictors that may either be continuous, dichotomous or discrete. In addition it makes no assumptions about the distribution of predictor variables. Logistic regression is commonly used in health care research in order to predict group membership such as a positive disease diagnosis. Logistic regression is also helpful when the distribution of responses on the dependent variable is expected to be nonlinear with one or more independent variables (Tabachnick & Fidell, 1996). A logistic regression model will be conducted in order to predict group membership into the various levels of perceived stress. The dimensions of emerging adulthood will be loaded into the model and the predictors will include: 1.) Self-focus, 2. Instability, 3. Feeling "in between", 4. Exploration, and 5. Possibilities. The dimensions of mindfulness and age category will also be included. All of the data will be entered into the SPSS software (IBM, version 21) in order to perform the analysis. References Peer, J. W., & McAuslan, P. (2016). Self-doubt during emerging adulthood: The conditional mediating influence of mindfulness. Emerging Adulthood, 4(3), 176-185. Tabachnick, B.G., & Fidell, L.S. (1996) Using Multivariate Statistics, 3rd ed. HarperCollins Publishers, Inc. New York, NY. **EAMMI2 Health Outcomes Hypothesis** **Chris Barlett** **Gettysburg College** We predict that emerging adults who struggle through this developmental period will have lower quality physical health. In other words, we predict a negative correlation between scores on the emerging adulthood measure and physical health. Further, we plan to analyze each item (or group of items that are similar) to further elucidate the exact negative physical health symptoms struggling emerging adults experience. Finally, although exploratory, we want to see if any demographic variables moderate this relationship, such as participant sex. We have no a priori hypothesis for these moderated tests; however, they are central to our potential paper. Our justification comes from the ideas postulated by Arnett (2007) who argued that although most emerging adults thrive during this transitional period, others experience negative psychological states (e.g., depression), and our argument is that such psychological and physical health for emerging adults may be partially a function of how well the transition is occurring. Arnett, J. J. (2007). Emerging adulthood: What is it, and what is it good for? Child Development Perspectives, 1, 68-73. **EAMMI2 Social Media Research Question** **Chia-chen Yang** **University of Memphis** I propose to examine emerging adults’ profiles based on their scores on the four dimensions of IDEA, and see whether each subgroup approaches social media differently. **JUSTIFICATION** Research has shown that different patterns of social media use are associated with psychosocial outcomes differently (Yang & Brown, 2015). For instance, using social media to maintain existing relationships is related to better social well-being whereas using them to form new relationships shows a negative correlation (Yang & Brown, 2013). However, less is known about what developmental characteristics might be associated with different use patterns. I propose that we do cluster analysis of the four dimensions of IDEA, and examine how social media use patterns vary as a function of participants’ characteristics of emerging adulthood. After all, emerging adults with different characteristics might have different needs, and thus would approach media differently to gratify the needs (Katz, Blumer, & Gurevitch, 1974). (The current social media scale involves three factors: relationship maintenance, relationship establishment, and information seeking.) I hypothesize that the subgroup with a high level of possibilities/experimentation will use social media to build new relationships and seek information more often because of their beliefs that this is a time of new possibilities and explorations. Other correlations between subgroups and social media use will be explored after data collection is completed. Katz, E., Blumler, J. G., & Gurevitch, M. (1974). Utilization of communication by the individual. In J. G. Blumler & E. Katz (Eds.), The uses of mass communications: Current perspectives on gratifications research (pp. 19-32). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. Yang, C.-c., & Brown, B. B. (2013). Motives for using Facebook, patterns of Facebook activities, and late adolescents’ social adjustment to college. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42, 403-416. doi:10.1007/s10964-012-9836-x Yang, C.-c., & Brown, B. B. (2015). Factors involved in associations between Facebook use and college adjustment: Social competence, perceived usefulness, and use patterns. Computers in Human Behavior, 46, 245-253. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.01.015 **EAMMI2 American Dream Hypotheses** **March 24, 2016** **Robert C. Hauhart** **Saint Martin's University** 1. Respondents who identify as conservative and Republican will rank themselves higher on belief in the American Dream and, correspondingly, rank as more important those attributes and factors most associated with the American Dream, including marriage, having one’s own family, owning a home, active engagement with one’s religion and church, completing an education, and career. 2. Respondents who identify as conservative and Republican will rank their belief in their ability to achieve the American Dream high. 3. Respondents who identify as liberal, Democratic and younger will rank themselves lower on belief in the American Dream and, correspondingly, rank as less important those attributes and factors most associated with the American Dream, such as marriage, having one’s own family, active engagement with one’s religion/church, and owning a home. 4. Respondents who identify as liberal, Democratic and younger will rank their belief in the ability to achieve the American Dream lower but rate completing their education and pursuing a career high. **EAMMI2 Narcissim Hypotheses** March 29, 2016 **Anthony Hermann** **Bradley University** **Amy Brunell** **The Ohio State University - Manfield** Prediction 1- Replicating McCullough et al. (2003), we predict participants high in narcissism will report more relationship transgression committed against them in their daily life than those low in narcissism (i.e., a positive correlation). Prediction 2- We also predict that those high in narcissism report committing more relationship transgression than those low in narcissism. Rationale: Because narcissists are more willing to report possessing socially undesirable traits and because past research suggests that they engage in a wide variety of socially toxic behaviors, they should report that their behavior upsets others more frequently. Prediction 3- In response to their transgressions, narcissism should be positively correlated with the use of relationship avoidance and blaming the victim strategies, while negatively correlated with relationship restoration strategies. Rationale: Because many studies indicate that those high in narcissism hold less communal values and blame external factors when confronted with poor performance, narcissists should be care less about repairing relationships and more about repairing their public and private image following relationship transgressions. ***EAMMI2 Family Oriented Markers of Adulthood Hypotheses*** **Scott Hall** **Ball State University** 1. Emerging Adults can be distinguished based on their beliefs about the importance of each of the following Family Oriented Markers of Adulthood (FOMA): being married, having a child, being committed to a long-term loving relationship, becoming capable of supporting a family financially, and becoming capable of caring for children. It is expected that the first FOMA study will be replicated in that four distinct groups of EAs will emerge (High, Low, Moderate, and Capacity). 2. Political Ideology. FOMA groups will differ in political ideology, with those who tend to report higher levels of the five FOMA will be more conservative, since they all relate to family. This would be a replication of the first FOMA study. 3. To separate the importance of role versus capacities, EAs will be selected out that place more importance on the family roles than the capacity roles. If a sizable group exists, they will be referred to as being role-oriented vs capacity-oriented. 3. Marital Paradigms. Those who place marriage as a more central part of their future roles (marital centrality) will score higher on FOMA, and will especially gravitate toward the High group (and, if applicable, being role-oriented). Those who place more importance on getting married (marital salience) will score higher on FOMA, and will especially gravitate toward the High group (and, if applicable, being role-oriented). Those who believe in the permanence of marriage (marital permanence) will especially gravitate toward the High group (and, if applicable, being role-oriented). Those who report a lower ideal age of marriage (marital timing) will especially gravitate toward the High group (and, if applicable, being role-oriented). 4. Other predictors of FOMA: IDEA items that focus on possibilities, exploration, defining self, etc., will be related to being less role-oriented with FOMA and gravitate toward being in the low FOMA. Those with higher self-efficacy will gravitate toward being more capacity-oriented with FOMA and gravitate toward the Capacity group—and toward higher FOMA overall. Those with high self-efficacy and a more marriage-oriented paradigm (centrality, salience, permanence, timing) will be more role oriented, while those with self-efficacy and are less marriage oriented with be more capacity oriented (interaction effects). Those who are more narcissistic will be lower on FOMA overall and gravitate toward the Capacity group; this will especially be the case for those who are less marriage-oriented (interaction). Those with more social support from family will gravitate toward the high group for FOMA and be more role-oriented. ***JUSTIFICATION*** Arnett (1997, 2001) and others (e.g., Coontz, 2005) have argued that getting married has been a traditional but outdated marker of having reached adulthood. Some contemporary research has likewise indicated that people in Western cultures no longer look primarily to the attainment of family roles as criteria for adulthood but at more gradual and less concrete criteria typically related to self-sufficiency, independence, and responsibility (Arnett, 1997, 2001; Horowitz & Bromnick, 2007). The deinstitutionalizing process of marriage (Cherlin, 2004) has contributed to (and is reflected in) more diverse perspectives and practices regarding the roles of marriage in one’s life and society—including a decoupling of marriage and parenthood. A more conservative ideology tends to bemoan such a process, while a more liberal ideology tends to embrace or even encourage it (Cherlin, 2004). Given that younger and more educated adults generally hold less conservative views regarding sexuality and relationships (Blanchard-Fields, Hertzog, Stein, & Pak, 2001), college students as a group face numerous options regarding how to perceive and participate in adult family roles. Over time, in matters related to marriage, people develop what can be considered a marital paradigm (Willoughby, Hall, & Luczak, 2013), which is a set of beliefs about getting and being married that informs decisions and attitudes pertaining to marriage and other aspects of day-to-day life. For example, consistent with reasoning put forth by Willoughby and colleagues, emerging adults who view getting married as an especially salient life goal would avoid behaviors and attitudes believed to jeopardize the likelihood of eventually having a successful marriage, such as reckless sexual and delinquent behavior. Studies have yielded results consistent with such a connection (Carroll et al., 2007; Willoughby & Dworkin, 2009). Arnett, J. J. (1997). Young people’s conceptions of the transition to adulthood. Youth & Society, 29, 3-23. Arnett, J. J. (2001). Conceptions of the transition to adulthood: Perspectives from adolescence through midlife. Journal of Adult Development, 8(2), 133-143. Blanchard-Fields, F., Hertzog, C., Stein, R., & Pak, R. (2001). Beyond a stereotyped view of older adults’ traditional values. Psychology and Aging, 16, 483–496. Carroll, J. S., Badger, S., Willoughby, B., Nelson, L. J., Madsen, S., & Barry, C. M. (2009). Ready or not? Criteria for marriage readiness among young adults. Journal of Adolescent Research, 24, 349-375. Cherlin, A. J. (2004). The deinstitutionalization of American marriage. Journal of Marriage and Family, 66, 848-861. Coontz, S. (2005). Marriage, a history: From obedience to intimacy or how love conquered marriage. New York: Viking. Horowitz, A. & Bromnick, R. (2007). ‘Contestable adulthood’: Variability and disparity in markers for negotiating the transition to adulthood. Youth & Society, 39. 209-231. Willoughby, B. J., Hall, S. S., & Luczak, H. (2013). Marital paradigms: A conceptual framework for marital attitudes, values and beliefs. Journal of Family Issues. Published online 8 May 2013. doi: 10.1177/0192513X13487677 **EAMMI2 Educational Attainment Hypothesis** June 2, 2016 **Caitlin Faas** **Mount St. Mary’s University** I hypothesize the markers of adulthood will vary in importance and achievement by levels of educational level/attainment (high school diploma or less and no college, currently in college, completed some college, college degree, and post-graduate education). Compared to the group that is currently in college, the other educational levels will feel they have achieved more markers. I hypothesize the IDEA measure will not vary by levels of educational level/attainment. These five feature of emerging adulthood should be consistent for all emerging adults. I hypothesize the scale of subjective well-being will vary by levels of educational level/attainment. I hypothesize the higher levels of educational attainment (college degree and post-graduate education) will feel higher subjective well-being. ***Justification*** As emerging adults value the concepts of living away from home and working, educational attainment is the main method through which they will achieve these goals (Sandefur, Eggerling-Boeck, & Park, 2005). Related to educational attainment, adolescents can feel that high school is not critical, but emerging adults begin to see the importance of school as it influences their immediate and future career choices (Arnett, 2004). In addition, emerging adults begin to realize the realities of work and school and how their high expectations have changed to become more realistic (Konstam, 2007). For example, the belief in working hard to obtain any goal can be tarnished as emerging adults realize the limits of their past academic achievement and socioeconomic status. These shifts in thinking are relevant to how young adults feel about their own well-being. Arnett (2000) originally called for an emphasis on all emerging adults, not solely college students. However, in the past 16 years, most of the literature has focused on college students due to ease of access. This study will help us understand emerging adults from a variety of educational levels/attainment. Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55, 469-480. doi:10.1037//0003-066X.55.5.469 Arnett, J. J. (2004). Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens through the twenties. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Konstam, V. (2007). Emerging and young adulthood: Multiple perspectives, diverse narratives. New York, NY: Springer Science. Sandefur, G. D., Eggerling-Boeck, J., & Park, H. (2005). Off to a good start? Postsecondary education and early adult life. In R. Settersten Jr., F. F. Furstenberg Jr., & R. G. Rumbout (Eds.), On the frontier of adulthood: Theory, research, and public policy (pp. 292 – 319). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. **EAMMI2 Social factors, adulthood and well-being Hypotheses** **Hayley Skulborstad** I propose to examine how factors relevant to one’s self (i.e., self-efficacy) and one’s social self (i.e., belonging, social support, social media) relate to adulthood (i.e., Markers of adulthood, IDEA), and how those factors relate to well-being (i.e., well-being, stress, physical symptoms). Specifically, I hypothesize that greater belonging, social support, and self-efficacy will predict greater identity exploration at younger ages, because presumably one needs confidence in one’s abilities and an environment of support to feel safe to engage in identity exploration (Skulborstad & Hermann, 2015). Conversely, it is hypothesized that lower belonging and support relates to greater negativity/instability, feelings of being in-between, lower endorsement of adulthood, and lower well-being (Haslam et al., 2009). Haslam, S. A., Jetten, J., Postmes, T., & Haslam, C. (2009). Social identity, health and well‐being: an emerging agenda for applied psychology. Applied Psychology, 58(1), 1-23. Skulborstad, H. M., & Hermann, A. D. (2015). Individual difference predictors of the experience of emerging adulthood. Emerging Adulthood. **EAMMI2 Election 2016, Stress, & Health Hypothesis** **Dana C. Leighton, Southern Arkansas University** **Mark Brandt, Tilburg University** **Lindsay Kennedy, Hendrix College** The 2016 U.S. presidential election has been especially fraught with division and hostile language directed at and by the supporters of the candidates (Pew Research Center, 2016; Shafer, 2016). Some of that hostility is expressed through social media. A Pew Research survey in the summer of 2016 (Pew Research Center, 2016) showed that the majority of social media users described frustration and stress in response to social media posts from those they disagreed with politically. It is unknown whether this stress and frustration had negative somatic effects, but prior research has linked stress with somatic symptoms (e.g., Aanes, Mittelmark, & Hetland, 2010; DeLongis, Folkman, & Lazarus, 1988). Those with more strongly-held political attitudes and who are more frequent users of social media may be especially likely to be affected by this negativity. The present research aims to explore how social media can affect the stress, health, and well-being of political partisans. 1. This study seeks to understand how the stress, health, and well-being of individuals is influenced by political partisanship and social media use in the context of a particularly divisive and hostile presidential campaign. 2. Specifically, does the stress experienced by partisans who use social media mediate the link between the interaction between partisanship and social media use when predicting subjective well-being and health. 3. It is possible that perceived social support will reduce (i.e., moderate) the effects of partisanship and social media use on stress, health, and well-being. 4. It is also of interest to know what differential health effects the electoral outcome had on partisan Democrats and Republicans. Aanes, M. M., Mittelmark, M. B., & Hetland, J. (2010). Interpersonal stress and poor health: The mediating role of loneliness. European Psychologist, 15(1), 3-11. doi:10.1027/1016-9040/a000003 Delongis, A., Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1988). The impact of daily stress on health and mood: Psychological and social resources as mediators. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(3), 486-495. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.54.3.486 Pew Research Center. (2016). The Political Environment on Social Media. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/2016/10/25/the-political-environment-on-social-media/ Shafer, L. (2016). Civics in Uncivil Times. Retrieved from https://www.gse.harvard.edu/news/uk/16/09/civics-uncivil-times **EAMMi2 Transgressions & Health Models** **Joseph McFall & Darrin Rogers** **State University of New York at Fredonia** In the present study, we aim to determine which of two established models betters represents the associations of transgressions against the self with stress, support, and mental and physical health outcomes. One established model is the Pearlin’s (1989) stress process model. In the present study, we use Turner’s (2010) adaptation of the model, which specifies the mediating and moderating influences of factors, such as social characteristics, social resources, and personal resources on the effects of stress exposure on health outcomes, that have been identified over the past two decades of research. The second model we selected originates within the discrimination literature. Pascoe and Smart Richman (2009) conducted a meta-analysis of perceived discrimination effects on health. However, they omitted age-related discrimination, such as ageism. Simpson, Foy, Talavera-Garza, Rogers, and McFall (in preparation) applied the model successfully to older adults’ perceived physician ageism on self-rated health and psychological well-being. Stress, social economic status, and health behaviors accounted for indirect effects. Both models can are designed to examine the factors under investigation in the present analysis: gender, race, age, social economic status, marital status, social media use, perceived transgressions toward the self, perceived stress, disability status, self-efficacy, mindfulness, need to belong, subjective well-being, and somatic symptom severity. **Research Questions** Research Question 1: Are transgressions towards the self in emerging adults associated with physical health symptoms and/or psychological well-being? Research Question 2: Are transgressions toward the self better conceived as a form of discrimination that affects health through the mediating factor of perceived stress (i.e., discrimination model) or as a separate form of stress with general perceived stress, and functions as a mediator of social characteristics (e.g., SES) on Health Outcomes (i.e., stress process model). Exploratory RQ: What other factors mediate and moderate the associations between transgressions and physical and mental health outcomes? **Hypotheses** Hypothesis 1: We hypothesize that greater transgressions toward the self will be associated with greater physical symptoms severity and lower psychological well-being in emerging adults. Hypothesis 2: We further hypothesize that the stress process model will fit better than the discrimination and health model because stress has been linked to both transgressions and health in prior emerging adult literature. Exploratory Hypotheses: Mediation and moderation analyses within the models are exploratory. **References** Pascoe, E. A., & Smart Richman, L. (2009). Perceived discrimination and health: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin 135(4): 531-554. Pearlin, L. I. (1989). The sociological study of stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 30, 241–256. Simpson, P., Foy, S., Talavera-Garza, L., Rogers, D. L., McFall, J. P. Effects of ageism on health status and satisfaction with life. Unpublished manuscript. Turner, R. J. (2010). Understanding health disparities: The promise of the stress process model. In W. R. Avison, C. S. Aneshensel, S. Schieman, & B. Wheaton, Advances in the Conceptualization of the Stress Process: Essays in Honor of Leonard I. Pearlin (pp. 3-21). New York, NY: Springer. [1]: https://osf.io/fevja/ [2]: https://osf.io/5sqng/ [3]: https://osf.io/ee2na/ [4]: https://osf.io/7u3ak/ [5]: https://osf.io/m9whd/ [6]: https://osf.io/zubgh/ [7]: https://osf.io/d8xgs/ [8]: https://osf.io/rnd9r/register/565fb3678c5e4a66b5582f67 [9]: http://osf.io/a3smy [10]: https://osf.io/3kch4/ [11]: https://osf.io/6mb3f/ [12]: https://osf.io/d8xgs/ [13]: https://osf.io/6mb3f/registrations/ [14]: https://cos.io/prereg/