**Project affiliation:** We provide de-identified open access data on which the results of the study project "Gaze-based Attention Refocusing Training in Virtual Reality for Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder" are based.
The study was conducted by the research group *[Virtual Reality Therapy and Medical Technology][1]* of the Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy of the University Hospital Bonn.
**Study abstract:** Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disorder with considerable interindividual heterogeneity. As a result, the systematic assessment and treatment is particularly demanding. In light of mixed evidence from previous EEG neurofeedback research, we present and evaluate a novel feedback system that relies on eye gaze behavior to detect and immediately feedback signs of inattention while performing a neuropsychological attention task in a virtual seminar room. To this matter, 18 adults with ADHD and 18 healthy participants underwent three counterbalanced conditions in which either this gaze-based feedback, a random sham feedback or a condition without any feedback was presented. In all conditions, phases with high and low artificially generated distraction alternated. While our findings suggest sufficient suitability and specificity for a holistic ADHD symptom assessment based on more behavioral errors, higher distraction-related dwell times, lower EEG theta-beta ratios, more head movements in the patient group, the feedback did not lead to immediate improvements in behavioral performance.
[1]: https://www.ukbonn.de/virtual-reality
