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Humans are thought to spontaneously attend to faces and eyes in a manner that reflects domain-specificity. Recent findings however suggest that such social attentional biasing may not be driven by the intrinsic social value of faces but rather by more domain-general factors, like the stimulus content and visual context within which faces are presented. Previous work has shown that visual context alone does not reliably impact social attentional biasing. Here, we investigated if individual stimulus content factors – global luminance, featural configuration, and perceived attractiveness – drive social attentional biasing. Across six experiments, participants completed a dot-probe task, in which a face, a house, and two neutral images were followed by the presentation of a target at one of those locations. Each experiment examined manual responses when eye movements were restricted (version a) and manual and oculomotor responses when eye movements were not restricted (version b). Experiment 1 assessed social attentional biasing when the face had higher overall global luminance. Experiment 2 examined social attentional biasing when the face (but not the comparison house) retained the typical canonical configuration of internal features. Experiment 3 examined social attentional biasing when the face cue was perceived as more attractive than the house cue. When eye movements were restricted, manual responses across all experiments did not reveal attentional biasing towards faces. When eye movements were not restricted, the most important result emerged in Experiment 3b, indicating a specific oculomotor bias towards the eyes of attractive upright faces. Together, these results show that stimulus content, and specifically perceived facial attractiveness, play an important role in social attentional biasing. As such, these results suggest that social attention may act as a domain-general mechanism that is driven by the links between the information contained within the stimuli and attentional mechanisms, rather than an intrinsic social value available within faces.
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