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The usual way of thinking about dual-tasking is that the participants represent the two tasks separately. However, several findings suggest that the participants rather seem to integrate the elements of both tasks into a conjoint episode. In three experiments, we aimed at further testing this task integration account in dual-tasking. We investigated partial repetition costs and observed performance benefits when the stimulus-response mappings of both tasks repeat from trial n-1 to trial n as compared to when only one such mapping repeats. In particular, our experiments focused on the question which elements of the two tasks in dual-tasking might be bound together. For this purpose, all participants performed a dual-task consisting of a visual-manual search task (VST) and an auditory-manual discrimination task (ADT). In the visual-search task the stimulus-response mappings were variable, so that none of the stimuli of this task systematically predicted a certain response. In Experiment 1, the stimuli and responses of the VST were either both repeated or both changed in consecutive trials. In Experiment 2, we removed the stimulus repetitions in the VST and only the responses repeated across trials. In Experiment 3, we also changed the fixed stimulus-response mapping in the ADT to be variable, so that in both tasks only the responses repeated across trials. In Experiments 1 and 2, we observed significant partial repetition costs, while they disappeared in Experiment 3. Together, the results suggest that the stimulus of one task is sufficient to retrieve the entire episode from the previous trial.
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