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**Read Me File for Women of the Conversion Period Online Compendium**
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This compendium includes data and analysis (GIS and R) files relating to the publication:
*Hamerow, Helena, Sam Leggett, Christel Tinguely, and Petrus Le Roux. ‘Women of the Conversion Period: A Biomolecular Investigation of Mobility in Early Medieval England’. Antiquity 98, no. 398 (5 February 2024): 486–501. https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2023.203.*
It is organized into 3 main folders plus the R script and the explanation of what is in each is as follows:
- “WoCP_publication_script.R” file is the R statistical software code file which includes details of all graphical and statistical analyses performed (unless run in QGIS – see below). This includes details on sub-setting of data and exclusion of individuals and data types for specific graphs and tests. It is a fully replicable file for the analyses in the article associated with this compendium when used with the other files provided here.
- Data: folder containing the core spreadsheets (either in .xlsx or .csv format) for use in R to go with the “WoCP_publication_script.R” file. Some of these are outputs of statistical analysis but are included here for ease of accessibility.
* “Breastfeeding_Impacts.xlsx” is a spreadsheet containing detailed information on all individuals in the study for whom breastfeeding/weaning impacts might be of concern for interpreting their oxygen isotopes as per the Supplementary Material in the associated paper.
* Spreadsheets for probabilistic origin modelling based on isoscapes from (NB: all the data had to be split into manageable portions as doing all 500+ probability maps crashed my computer, hence several csv files below):
* “Isoscapes_Chenerydw_only.csv” is a spreadsheet with the data formatted to create the origins maps for individuals with only oxygen isotope data available, converted to drinking water values through the Chenery et al. (2012) conversion equations (dependent on source data – see WOCP_England_Only_Mobility.xlsx for full conversion details).
* “Isoscapes_Chenerydw_Sr_part1.csv” – as per above but for individuals with both Sr and Chenery et al. (2012) drinking water data, part 1, c. 119 individuals.
* “Isoscapes_Chenerydw_Sr_part2.csv” – as per above but for individuals with both Sr and Chenery et al. (2012) drinking water data, part 2, c. 119 individuals.
* “Isoscapes_Levinsondw_Sr.csv” – as per above but for individuals with strontium data and oxygen isotope data only available in Levinson format. These results are older studies where the raw data were not provided for oxygen, namely some skeletons from West Heslerton and the Stonehenge Anglo-Saxon burial (Pitts et al. 2002; Budd et al. 2003; Montgomery et al. 2005).
* “Isoscapes_Sronly.csv” – as per above, spreadsheet used to produce probability of origin maps for individuals with only strontium isotope data available.
* “Only_Oxford_WoCP_data.xlsx” contains the isotope data and associated contextual information for the group of core burials analysed as part of this study.
* “WOCP86_womenHclust_partition_status.csv” is the output of the hierarchical clustering performed in the paper, denoting which women belong to what cluster, whether they are well-furnished (or not), their site burial code, and their oxygen and strontium isotope data.
* “WOCP_England_Only_Mobility.xlsx” is the main dataset spreadsheet containing the 86 new/core burials plus all published data incorporated in this study.
* GIS: all data and files used/produced in creating the maps for this article i.e. Figure 2 and the 10km and 100km buffer zones around sites for “local” and “non-local” designations. This was done in QGIS version 3.26.3 (“Buenos Aires” for Mac).
* Outputs:
* BEST_outputs – folder containing the graphical outputs in PNG format for all BEST tests performed (see paper supplementary material and R code for full details) (Kruschke 2013).
* Figures – folder containing main text figures 1-5.
* HClust_Outputs – folder containing the graphical and text-based outcomes from the hierarchical clustering undertaken with NbClust.
* Isoscape_Origins_Maps – folder containing in PDF format all probabilistic isotope origin assignments from this analysis, including single-isotope (O and Sr where appropriate) and dual-isotope assignments (O-Sr) for all individuals in “WOCP_England_Only_Mobility.xlsx” used to assign “local” and “non-local” status using the methods from Bataille et al. (2021) and Colleter et al. (2021), which we then put into QGIS (see above).
* rKIN_outputs – folder containing the PNG and CSV file outputs from conducting rKIN analysis (Eckrich et al. 2020; Robinson 2021) of males vs females, and well-furnished vs poorly-furnished females.
References:
Bataille, Clément P., Klervia Jaouen, Stefania Milano, Manuel Trost, Sven Steinbrenner, Éric Crubézy, and Rozenn Colleter. “Triple Sulfur-Oxygen-Strontium Isotopes Probabilistic Geographic Assignment of Archaeological Remains Using a Novel Sulfur Isoscape of Western Europe.” PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 5, 2021): e0250383. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250383.
Budd P, Chenery C, Montgomery J, Evans J, and Powlesland D (2003). "Anglo-Saxon Residential Mobility at West Heslerton, North Yorkshire, UK from Combined O- and Sr-Isotope Analysis." in Holland G, & Tanner SD (eds) "Plasma source mass spectrometry: applications and emerging technologies." Cambridge: RSC.
Chenery, Carolyn A., Vanessa Pashley, Angela L. Lamb, Hilary J. Sloane, and Jane A. Evans. “The Oxygen Isotope Relationship between the Phosphate and Structural Carbonate Fractions of Human Bioapatite: Relationship between Phosphate and Structural Carbonate Δ18O in Human Enamel.” Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 26, no. 3 (February 15, 2012): 309–19. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.5331.
Colleter, Rozenn, Clément P. Bataille, Henri Dabernat, Daniel Pichot, Philippe Hamon, Sylvie Duchesne, Françoise Labaune-Jean, et al. “The Last Battle of Anne of Brittany: Solving Mass Grave through an Interdisciplinary Approach (Paleopathology, Biological Anthropology, History, Multiple Isotopes and Radiocarbon Dating).” PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 5, 2021): e0248086. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248086.
Kruschke, John K. “Bayesian Estimation Supersedes the t Test.” Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 142, no. 2 (2013): 573–603. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029146.
Eckrich, Carolyn A., Shannon E. Albeke, Elizabeth A. Flaherty, R. Terry Bowyer, and Merav Ben‐David. “RKIN: Kernel-Based Method for Estimating Isotopic Niche Size and Overlap.” Journal of Animal Ecology 89, no. 3 (2020): 757–71. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13159.
Montgomery J, Evans JA, Powlesland D, and Roberts CA (2005). "Continuity or Colonization in Anglo-Saxon England? Isotope Evidence for Mobility, Subsistence Practice, and Status at West Heslerton." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 126: 123-138.
Pitts M, Bayliss A, McKinley J, Boylston A, Budd P, Evans J, Chenery C, Reynolds A, Semple S (2002). "An Anglo-Saxon decapitation and burial at Stonehenge." Wiltshire Archaeological & Natural History Magazine 95: 131-146.
Robinson, Joshua R. “Investigating Isotopic Niche Space: Using RKIN for Stable Isotope Studies in Archaeology.” Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, October 21, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10816-021-09541-7.
