This project starts with CDC data from 2011 on all causes of death, by 5-year age groups, as downloaded from http://wonder.cdc.gov/mcd-icd10.html on July 29, 2014.
I then manually added 2008 life expectancy data for each age group from Table 105 here: http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/cats/births_deaths_marriages_divorces/life_expectancy.html.
For death rates from ages 5-9, I used the life expectancy figure for 5 year olds; for death rates from ages 10-14, I used the life expectancy figure for 10 year olds; and so forth up to age 85.
I then saved as a Stata file (see files), and running the Do file will give the total years of life that are affected by each disease.
Ranked results for the top 80 diseases are shown in the Excel file.