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Description: Background. Job stress can be high in healthcare workers involved in dialysis treatment. This study intended to verify the structural relationship among job stress, coping, belief conflict, and occupational dysfunction in healthcare workers involved in dialysis treatment. Methods. Participants completed a composite questionnaire combining the Brief Job Stress Questionnaires, Coping Scale, Assessment of Belief Conflict in Relationship–14, and Classification and Assessment of Occupational Dysfunction. Hypothetical models were compared using Bayesian structural equation modeling (BSEM). Results. The 185 participants included 22 physicians, 46 nurses, 38 medical engineers, 50 physical therapists, and 25 occupational therapists. As a result of the BSEM, the following type A of hypothetical model 1 was selected as the most suitable through comparison of the deviance and Bayesian information criteria (DIC = 5033.848, BIC = 5312.447). Belief conflict had a significant direct effect on occupational dysfunction (direct effect = 0.441, p = 0.000), and occupational dysfunction had a direct effect on stress response (direct effect = 0.406, p = 0.000). Discussion. This result suggests that belief conflict has the potential to increase job stress via occupational dysfunction in healthcare workers involved in dialysis treatment. To reduce job stress, belief conflict should be evaluated and appropriate interventions performed.