Effects of contrastive focus on lexical predictability during sentence reading

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The phrase “not only the bride” may prompt comprehenders to anticipate a set of entities that stand in semantic contrast to “the bride.” We tested this possibility in an eyetracking-while-reading experiment that crossed structure (focus versus noun-phrase coordination) with predictability of the target noun. Whereas there was a predictability effect for the coordination condition, the effect was eliminated for the focus condition in first-pass reading time. Later measures revealed main effects of both predictability and syntactic structure. The results suggest that language comprehenders rapidly make use of the cue “not only” to begin anticipating a set of upcoming sentence continuations.

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