Abstract: What predicts voting against mainstream politics? We examined how self-perceived and actual political knowledge predicts anti-establishment voting in the context of a Dutch referendum (Study 1), and the EU refugee crisis (Study 2). Results revealed that anti-establishment voting emerges from increased self-perceived knowledge, but decreased (Study 1) or equal (Study 2) actual knowledge. ---------------------------------------------- Dr. Jan-Willem van Prooijen VU Amsterdam Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology Van der Boechorststraat 1 1081BT Amsterdam The Netherlands Telephone: (+31)20-5988851 Email: j.w.van.prooijen@vu.nl Website: www.janwillemvanprooijen.com * President of the International Society for Justice Research (ISJR) * Associate Editor at PSPB * New Books: - Van Prooijen, J.-W. (2018). The moral punishment instinct. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. - Van Prooijen, J.-W. (2018). The psychology of conspiracy theories. Oxon, UK: Routledge.