**Title :** Conflicts between humans and Endangered Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus) at the edge of an agricultural landscape in Morocco **Abstract:** The expansion of shared spaces between humans and wildlife, particularly resulting from agricultural encroachment on natural habitats, leads to increasing interactions between humans and non-human primates (hereafter “primates”). We explored how crop-foraging Barbary macaques adapt their behavior to anthropogenic disturbances and identified deterrents implemented by farmers and their effectiveness. We observed three groups of crop-foraging Barbary macaques in Aïn Leuh, Morocco, in 2021-2022. We estimated their activity-budgets from 7185 scan records and tested whether they were influenced by habitat (forest, fruit orchard and cereal field). Additionally, we examined the impact of time of day, month, and age-sex category (adult female, adult male, immature) on macaque presence in cultivated areas. We also analyzed macaque responses to encounters with humans and dogs. Macaques primarily focused on feeding in cultivated areas while allocating more time to resting and socializing in forested areas. They extensively used cultivated areas during periods of human activity. Cereal fields, but not orchards, were predominantly visited by adult females. Macaques experienced 0.34/h to 0.67/h anthropogenic encounters depending on the month, with high rates of aggression from humans and dogs. Preemptive deterrence measures, such as using slingshots before macaques entered the crops, proved more effective than confrontations inside the cultivated areas. While crop-guarding with slingshots was effective, it poses potential risks to individuals of this Endangered species. This study highlights the high risk-taking behaviors of crop-foraging Barbary macaques and the necessity to develop safer and more sustainable crop-guarding strategies to mitigate conflicts and allow future human-Barbary macaque cohabitation. **Descritption of the data:** The file "**Macaques activities in 3 habitats**" contains scan records made every 15 minutes on 5 randomly chosen individuals (excluding infants < 1 year-old). These data were used to calculate macaques' activity-budgets and test how they are influenced by habitat type. They were also used to test the effects of habitat type on the relative presence of different age-sex categories, and the effects of the time of day and the month on macaque presence in crops. The file "**Anthropogenic encounters**" contains data on every recorded encounter between the macaques and anthropogenic disturbers (humans and/or dogs). For each encounter, the behavior of the disturber towards the macaques is given, and the macaques' behavioral responses. The distance fled by the macaques and the time before resuming a normal activity are also given when applicable, as well as the proportion of time that the macaques spent in crops that day. The file "**Macaques distance from crops**" contains data on the groups' distance from the crops at the time of aggression from humans and/or dogs, and their distance one hour later. The file "**Time macaques spent in crops**" contains data on the duration of the macaques' visits of orchards and cereal field. When the entry in column "Visit from start to end" is "No", then the duration of the visit is incomplete. Those incomplete durations were not included in the calculation of the mean visit duration in the published article.