This component includes the research instruments created for my PhD project. Please read [the wiki at the main project page][1]. The research instruments measure the following constructs in isiXhosa and isiZulu for the end Grade 1 and start of Grade 3 timepoints (individual testing): * phonological awareness * working memory (digit span and nonword repetition) * rapid automatised naming * letter-sound reading fluency * word reading accuracy (score later converted to fluency as well) * oral reading fluency * single word spelling The end of Grade 3 tasks included reading (tested individually), and spelling and reading comprehension (tested in group format) in isiXhosa, isiZulu and English: * letter-sound reading fluency (individual) * word reading accuracy (score later converted to fluency as well) (individual) * oral reading fluency followed by oral comprehension questions (individual) * single word spelling from dictation (group) * reading comprehension (group) Not provided for isiXhosa and isiZulu is a translation/adaptation of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (fourth edition). The project also included parallel measures in English, which are not shared due to the copyright of the instruments. These were: * Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing (second edition) * Diagnostic Test of Word Reading Processes * Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (fourth edition) I may at a later stage upload the English tasks used to measure: * text reading * single word spelling [1]: https://osf.io/gmnws/