Subject gaps are still easiest: relative clause processing and Georgian split ergativity

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Subject-gap relative clauses are generally easier to process than object-gap relative clauses, but the underlying causes for this Subject Gap Preference (SGP) are difficult to disentangle. Are subject gaps better because they are in the most prominent structural position, or because they are associated with easily-processed unmarked case (nominative)? We present reading-time data from Georgian to distinguish these hypotheses. Having a split-ergative case system, Georgian totally dissociates case and grammatical position. Nevertheless, we found strong evidence for a structural source of the SGP. No matter case associated with the gap site, subject relatives were more easily processed than object relatives.

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