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Category: Project

Description: The operationalization of knowledge context-sensitivity introduced and employed by Dinges and Zakkou (2020) in "Much at Stake for Knowledge" is based on retraction. Since then, no new experiments utilizing this methodology have been reported in published articles. The proposed experiment uses this operationalisation to investigate third-person cases to obtain results. Dinges and Zakkou's work presented compelling evidence against the orthodoxy that practical factors do not impact knowledge. By testing third-person cases, this experiment seeks to provide further evidence for either contextualism or subject-sensitive invariantism, the two main competing theories. Under subject-sensitive invariantism, a change in the stakes of the person attributing knowledge (i.e., of one making the assertion "S/he knows that p") does not lead to a retraction, whereas contextualism predicts the opposite outcome. Dinges, A. & Zakkou, J. Knowledge is at stake. Mind Lang 36, 729–749 (2021).